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Tissue Microarrays to Visualize Influenza D Attachment to Host Receptors in the Respiratory Tract of Farm Animals

The trimeric hemagglutinin-esterase fusion protein (HEF) of influenza D virus (IDV) binds 9-O-acetylated sialic acid receptors, which are expressed in various host species. While cattle are the main reservoir for IDV, the viral genome has also been detected in domestic pigs. In addition, antibodies...

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Autores principales: Nemanichvili, Nikoloz, Berends, Alinda J., Wubbolts, Richard W., Gröne, Andrea, Rijks, Jolianne M., de Vries, Robert P., Verheije, Monique H.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8067312/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33807137
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13040586
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author Nemanichvili, Nikoloz
Berends, Alinda J.
Wubbolts, Richard W.
Gröne, Andrea
Rijks, Jolianne M.
de Vries, Robert P.
Verheije, Monique H.
author_facet Nemanichvili, Nikoloz
Berends, Alinda J.
Wubbolts, Richard W.
Gröne, Andrea
Rijks, Jolianne M.
de Vries, Robert P.
Verheije, Monique H.
author_sort Nemanichvili, Nikoloz
collection PubMed
description The trimeric hemagglutinin-esterase fusion protein (HEF) of influenza D virus (IDV) binds 9-O-acetylated sialic acid receptors, which are expressed in various host species. While cattle are the main reservoir for IDV, the viral genome has also been detected in domestic pigs. In addition, antibodies against IDV have been detected in other farm animals such as sheep, goats, and horses, and even in farmers working with IDV positive animals. Viruses belonging to various IDV clades circulate, but little is known about their differences in host and tissue tropism. Here we used recombinantly produced HEF proteins (HEF S57A) from the major clades D/Oklahoma (D/OK) and D/Oklahoma/660 (D/660) to study their host and tissue tropism and receptor interactions. To this end, we developed tissue microarrays (TMA) composed of respiratory tissues from various farm animals including cattle, domestic pigs, sheep, goats, and horses. Protein histochemical staining of farm animal respiratory tissue-microarrays with HEF proteins showed that cattle have receptors present over the entire respiratory tract while receptors are only present in the nasal and pharyngeal epithelium of pigs, sheep, goats, and horses. No differences in tropism for tissues and animals were observed between clades, while hemagglutination assays showed that D/OK has a 2-fold higher binding affinity than D/660 for receptors on red blood cells. The removal of O-acetylation from receptors via saponification treatment confirmed that receptor-binding of both clades was dependent on O-acetylated sialic acids.
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spelling pubmed-80673122021-04-25 Tissue Microarrays to Visualize Influenza D Attachment to Host Receptors in the Respiratory Tract of Farm Animals Nemanichvili, Nikoloz Berends, Alinda J. Wubbolts, Richard W. Gröne, Andrea Rijks, Jolianne M. de Vries, Robert P. Verheije, Monique H. Viruses Article The trimeric hemagglutinin-esterase fusion protein (HEF) of influenza D virus (IDV) binds 9-O-acetylated sialic acid receptors, which are expressed in various host species. While cattle are the main reservoir for IDV, the viral genome has also been detected in domestic pigs. In addition, antibodies against IDV have been detected in other farm animals such as sheep, goats, and horses, and even in farmers working with IDV positive animals. Viruses belonging to various IDV clades circulate, but little is known about their differences in host and tissue tropism. Here we used recombinantly produced HEF proteins (HEF S57A) from the major clades D/Oklahoma (D/OK) and D/Oklahoma/660 (D/660) to study their host and tissue tropism and receptor interactions. To this end, we developed tissue microarrays (TMA) composed of respiratory tissues from various farm animals including cattle, domestic pigs, sheep, goats, and horses. Protein histochemical staining of farm animal respiratory tissue-microarrays with HEF proteins showed that cattle have receptors present over the entire respiratory tract while receptors are only present in the nasal and pharyngeal epithelium of pigs, sheep, goats, and horses. No differences in tropism for tissues and animals were observed between clades, while hemagglutination assays showed that D/OK has a 2-fold higher binding affinity than D/660 for receptors on red blood cells. The removal of O-acetylation from receptors via saponification treatment confirmed that receptor-binding of both clades was dependent on O-acetylated sialic acids. MDPI 2021-03-31 /pmc/articles/PMC8067312/ /pubmed/33807137 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13040586 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Nemanichvili, Nikoloz
Berends, Alinda J.
Wubbolts, Richard W.
Gröne, Andrea
Rijks, Jolianne M.
de Vries, Robert P.
Verheije, Monique H.
Tissue Microarrays to Visualize Influenza D Attachment to Host Receptors in the Respiratory Tract of Farm Animals
title Tissue Microarrays to Visualize Influenza D Attachment to Host Receptors in the Respiratory Tract of Farm Animals
title_full Tissue Microarrays to Visualize Influenza D Attachment to Host Receptors in the Respiratory Tract of Farm Animals
title_fullStr Tissue Microarrays to Visualize Influenza D Attachment to Host Receptors in the Respiratory Tract of Farm Animals
title_full_unstemmed Tissue Microarrays to Visualize Influenza D Attachment to Host Receptors in the Respiratory Tract of Farm Animals
title_short Tissue Microarrays to Visualize Influenza D Attachment to Host Receptors in the Respiratory Tract of Farm Animals
title_sort tissue microarrays to visualize influenza d attachment to host receptors in the respiratory tract of farm animals
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8067312/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33807137
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13040586
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