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Recent Advances in Nanomaterial-Based Aptasensors in Medical Diagnosis and Therapy

Rapid and accurate diagnosis of various biomarkers associated with medical conditions including early detection of viruses and bacteria with highly sensitive biosensors is currently a research priority. Aptamer is a chemically derived recognition molecule capable of detecting and binding small molec...

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Autores principales: Ayodele, Olubunmi O., Adesina, Adeyinka O., Pourianejad, Sajedeh, Averitt, Jared, Ignatova, Tetyana
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8067492/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33917467
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11040932
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author Ayodele, Olubunmi O.
Adesina, Adeyinka O.
Pourianejad, Sajedeh
Averitt, Jared
Ignatova, Tetyana
author_facet Ayodele, Olubunmi O.
Adesina, Adeyinka O.
Pourianejad, Sajedeh
Averitt, Jared
Ignatova, Tetyana
author_sort Ayodele, Olubunmi O.
collection PubMed
description Rapid and accurate diagnosis of various biomarkers associated with medical conditions including early detection of viruses and bacteria with highly sensitive biosensors is currently a research priority. Aptamer is a chemically derived recognition molecule capable of detecting and binding small molecules with high specificity and its fast preparation time, cost effectiveness, ease of modification, stability at high temperature and pH are some of the advantages it has over traditional detection methods such as High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Higher sensitivity and selectivity can further be achieved via coupling of aptamers with nanomaterials and these conjugates called “aptasensors” are receiving greater attention in early diagnosis and therapy. This review will highlight the selection protocol of aptamers based on Traditional Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX) and the various types of modified SELEX. We further identify both the advantages and drawbacks associated with the modified version of SELEX. Furthermore, we describe the current advances in aptasensor development and the quality of signal types, which are dependent on surface area and other specific properties of the selected nanomaterials, are also reviewed.
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spelling pubmed-80674922021-04-25 Recent Advances in Nanomaterial-Based Aptasensors in Medical Diagnosis and Therapy Ayodele, Olubunmi O. Adesina, Adeyinka O. Pourianejad, Sajedeh Averitt, Jared Ignatova, Tetyana Nanomaterials (Basel) Review Rapid and accurate diagnosis of various biomarkers associated with medical conditions including early detection of viruses and bacteria with highly sensitive biosensors is currently a research priority. Aptamer is a chemically derived recognition molecule capable of detecting and binding small molecules with high specificity and its fast preparation time, cost effectiveness, ease of modification, stability at high temperature and pH are some of the advantages it has over traditional detection methods such as High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Higher sensitivity and selectivity can further be achieved via coupling of aptamers with nanomaterials and these conjugates called “aptasensors” are receiving greater attention in early diagnosis and therapy. This review will highlight the selection protocol of aptamers based on Traditional Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX) and the various types of modified SELEX. We further identify both the advantages and drawbacks associated with the modified version of SELEX. Furthermore, we describe the current advances in aptasensor development and the quality of signal types, which are dependent on surface area and other specific properties of the selected nanomaterials, are also reviewed. MDPI 2021-04-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8067492/ /pubmed/33917467 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11040932 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Ayodele, Olubunmi O.
Adesina, Adeyinka O.
Pourianejad, Sajedeh
Averitt, Jared
Ignatova, Tetyana
Recent Advances in Nanomaterial-Based Aptasensors in Medical Diagnosis and Therapy
title Recent Advances in Nanomaterial-Based Aptasensors in Medical Diagnosis and Therapy
title_full Recent Advances in Nanomaterial-Based Aptasensors in Medical Diagnosis and Therapy
title_fullStr Recent Advances in Nanomaterial-Based Aptasensors in Medical Diagnosis and Therapy
title_full_unstemmed Recent Advances in Nanomaterial-Based Aptasensors in Medical Diagnosis and Therapy
title_short Recent Advances in Nanomaterial-Based Aptasensors in Medical Diagnosis and Therapy
title_sort recent advances in nanomaterial-based aptasensors in medical diagnosis and therapy
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8067492/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33917467
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11040932
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