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Phytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from Fungi
Fungal phytotoxic secondary metabolites are poisonous substances to plants produced by fungi through naturally occurring biochemical reactions. These metabolites exhibit a high level of diversity in their properties, such as structures, phytotoxic activities, and modes of toxicity. They are mainly i...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8067579/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33917534 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13040261 |
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author | Xu, Dan Xue, Mengyao Shen, Zhen Jia, Xiaowei Hou, Xuwen Lai, Daowan Zhou, Ligang |
author_facet | Xu, Dan Xue, Mengyao Shen, Zhen Jia, Xiaowei Hou, Xuwen Lai, Daowan Zhou, Ligang |
author_sort | Xu, Dan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Fungal phytotoxic secondary metabolites are poisonous substances to plants produced by fungi through naturally occurring biochemical reactions. These metabolites exhibit a high level of diversity in their properties, such as structures, phytotoxic activities, and modes of toxicity. They are mainly isolated from phytopathogenic fungal species in the genera of Alternaria, Botrytis, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Helminthosporium, and Phoma. Phytotoxins are either host specific or non-host specific phytotoxins. Up to now, at least 545 fungal phytotoxic secondary metabolites, including 207 polyketides, 46 phenols and phenolic acids, 135 terpenoids, 146 nitrogen-containing metabolites, and 11 others, have been reported. Among them, aromatic polyketides and sesquiterpenoids are the main phytotoxic compounds. This review summarizes their chemical structures, sources, and phytotoxic activities. We also discuss their phytotoxic mechanisms and structure–activity relationships to lay the foundation for the future development and application of these promising metabolites as herbicides. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8067579 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80675792021-04-25 Phytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from Fungi Xu, Dan Xue, Mengyao Shen, Zhen Jia, Xiaowei Hou, Xuwen Lai, Daowan Zhou, Ligang Toxins (Basel) Review Fungal phytotoxic secondary metabolites are poisonous substances to plants produced by fungi through naturally occurring biochemical reactions. These metabolites exhibit a high level of diversity in their properties, such as structures, phytotoxic activities, and modes of toxicity. They are mainly isolated from phytopathogenic fungal species in the genera of Alternaria, Botrytis, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Helminthosporium, and Phoma. Phytotoxins are either host specific or non-host specific phytotoxins. Up to now, at least 545 fungal phytotoxic secondary metabolites, including 207 polyketides, 46 phenols and phenolic acids, 135 terpenoids, 146 nitrogen-containing metabolites, and 11 others, have been reported. Among them, aromatic polyketides and sesquiterpenoids are the main phytotoxic compounds. This review summarizes their chemical structures, sources, and phytotoxic activities. We also discuss their phytotoxic mechanisms and structure–activity relationships to lay the foundation for the future development and application of these promising metabolites as herbicides. MDPI 2021-04-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8067579/ /pubmed/33917534 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13040261 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Xu, Dan Xue, Mengyao Shen, Zhen Jia, Xiaowei Hou, Xuwen Lai, Daowan Zhou, Ligang Phytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from Fungi |
title | Phytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from Fungi |
title_full | Phytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from Fungi |
title_fullStr | Phytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from Fungi |
title_full_unstemmed | Phytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from Fungi |
title_short | Phytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from Fungi |
title_sort | phytotoxic secondary metabolites from fungi |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8067579/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33917534 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13040261 |
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