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Phytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from Fungi

Fungal phytotoxic secondary metabolites are poisonous substances to plants produced by fungi through naturally occurring biochemical reactions. These metabolites exhibit a high level of diversity in their properties, such as structures, phytotoxic activities, and modes of toxicity. They are mainly i...

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Autores principales: Xu, Dan, Xue, Mengyao, Shen, Zhen, Jia, Xiaowei, Hou, Xuwen, Lai, Daowan, Zhou, Ligang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8067579/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33917534
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13040261
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author Xu, Dan
Xue, Mengyao
Shen, Zhen
Jia, Xiaowei
Hou, Xuwen
Lai, Daowan
Zhou, Ligang
author_facet Xu, Dan
Xue, Mengyao
Shen, Zhen
Jia, Xiaowei
Hou, Xuwen
Lai, Daowan
Zhou, Ligang
author_sort Xu, Dan
collection PubMed
description Fungal phytotoxic secondary metabolites are poisonous substances to plants produced by fungi through naturally occurring biochemical reactions. These metabolites exhibit a high level of diversity in their properties, such as structures, phytotoxic activities, and modes of toxicity. They are mainly isolated from phytopathogenic fungal species in the genera of Alternaria, Botrytis, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Helminthosporium, and Phoma. Phytotoxins are either host specific or non-host specific phytotoxins. Up to now, at least 545 fungal phytotoxic secondary metabolites, including 207 polyketides, 46 phenols and phenolic acids, 135 terpenoids, 146 nitrogen-containing metabolites, and 11 others, have been reported. Among them, aromatic polyketides and sesquiterpenoids are the main phytotoxic compounds. This review summarizes their chemical structures, sources, and phytotoxic activities. We also discuss their phytotoxic mechanisms and structure–activity relationships to lay the foundation for the future development and application of these promising metabolites as herbicides.
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spelling pubmed-80675792021-04-25 Phytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from Fungi Xu, Dan Xue, Mengyao Shen, Zhen Jia, Xiaowei Hou, Xuwen Lai, Daowan Zhou, Ligang Toxins (Basel) Review Fungal phytotoxic secondary metabolites are poisonous substances to plants produced by fungi through naturally occurring biochemical reactions. These metabolites exhibit a high level of diversity in their properties, such as structures, phytotoxic activities, and modes of toxicity. They are mainly isolated from phytopathogenic fungal species in the genera of Alternaria, Botrytis, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Helminthosporium, and Phoma. Phytotoxins are either host specific or non-host specific phytotoxins. Up to now, at least 545 fungal phytotoxic secondary metabolites, including 207 polyketides, 46 phenols and phenolic acids, 135 terpenoids, 146 nitrogen-containing metabolites, and 11 others, have been reported. Among them, aromatic polyketides and sesquiterpenoids are the main phytotoxic compounds. This review summarizes their chemical structures, sources, and phytotoxic activities. We also discuss their phytotoxic mechanisms and structure–activity relationships to lay the foundation for the future development and application of these promising metabolites as herbicides. MDPI 2021-04-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8067579/ /pubmed/33917534 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13040261 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Xu, Dan
Xue, Mengyao
Shen, Zhen
Jia, Xiaowei
Hou, Xuwen
Lai, Daowan
Zhou, Ligang
Phytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from Fungi
title Phytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from Fungi
title_full Phytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from Fungi
title_fullStr Phytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from Fungi
title_full_unstemmed Phytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from Fungi
title_short Phytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from Fungi
title_sort phytotoxic secondary metabolites from fungi
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8067579/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33917534
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13040261
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