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Movement Patterns in Students Diagnosed with ADHD, Objective Measurement in a Natural Learning Environment

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is the most common neuropsychological disorder in childhood and adolescence, affecting the basic psychological processes involved in learning, social adaptation and affective adjustment. From previous research, the disorder is linked to problems in different...

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Autores principales: Sempere-Tortosa, Mireia, Fernández-Carrasco, Francisco, Navarro-Soria, Ignasi, Rizo-Maestre, Carlos
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8067742/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33917074
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18083870
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author Sempere-Tortosa, Mireia
Fernández-Carrasco, Francisco
Navarro-Soria, Ignasi
Rizo-Maestre, Carlos
author_facet Sempere-Tortosa, Mireia
Fernández-Carrasco, Francisco
Navarro-Soria, Ignasi
Rizo-Maestre, Carlos
author_sort Sempere-Tortosa, Mireia
collection PubMed
description Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is the most common neuropsychological disorder in childhood and adolescence, affecting the basic psychological processes involved in learning, social adaptation and affective adjustment. From previous research, the disorder is linked to problems in different areas of development, with deficiencies in psychological processes leading to the development of the most common characteristics of the disorder such as inattention, excess of activity and lack of inhibitory control. As for the diagnosis, in spite of being a very frequent disorder, there are multiple controversies about which tools are the most suitable for evaluation. One of the most widespread tools in the professional field is behavior inventories such as the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires for Parents and Teachers or the ADHD Rating Scale-V. The main disadvantage of these assessment tools is that they do not provide an objective observation. For this reason, there are different studies focused on recording objective measures of the subjects’ movement, since hyperkinesia is one of the most characteristic symptoms of this disorder. In this sense, we have developed an application that, using a Kinect device, is capable of measuring the movement of the different parts of the body of up to six subjects in the classroom, being a natural context for the student. The main objective of this work is twofold, on the one hand, to investigate whether there are correlations between excessive movement and high scores in the inventories for the diagnosis of ADHD, Rating Scale-V and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and, on the other hand, to determine which sections of the body present the most significant mobility in subjects diagnosed with ADHD. Results show that the control group, composed of neurotypical subjects, presents less kinaesthetic activity than the clinical group diagnosed with ADHD. This indicates that the experimental group presents one of the main characteristics of the disorder. In addition, results also show that practically all the measured body parts present significant differences, being higher in the clinical group, highlighting the head as the joint with the highest effect size.
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spelling pubmed-80677422021-04-25 Movement Patterns in Students Diagnosed with ADHD, Objective Measurement in a Natural Learning Environment Sempere-Tortosa, Mireia Fernández-Carrasco, Francisco Navarro-Soria, Ignasi Rizo-Maestre, Carlos Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is the most common neuropsychological disorder in childhood and adolescence, affecting the basic psychological processes involved in learning, social adaptation and affective adjustment. From previous research, the disorder is linked to problems in different areas of development, with deficiencies in psychological processes leading to the development of the most common characteristics of the disorder such as inattention, excess of activity and lack of inhibitory control. As for the diagnosis, in spite of being a very frequent disorder, there are multiple controversies about which tools are the most suitable for evaluation. One of the most widespread tools in the professional field is behavior inventories such as the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires for Parents and Teachers or the ADHD Rating Scale-V. The main disadvantage of these assessment tools is that they do not provide an objective observation. For this reason, there are different studies focused on recording objective measures of the subjects’ movement, since hyperkinesia is one of the most characteristic symptoms of this disorder. In this sense, we have developed an application that, using a Kinect device, is capable of measuring the movement of the different parts of the body of up to six subjects in the classroom, being a natural context for the student. The main objective of this work is twofold, on the one hand, to investigate whether there are correlations between excessive movement and high scores in the inventories for the diagnosis of ADHD, Rating Scale-V and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and, on the other hand, to determine which sections of the body present the most significant mobility in subjects diagnosed with ADHD. Results show that the control group, composed of neurotypical subjects, presents less kinaesthetic activity than the clinical group diagnosed with ADHD. This indicates that the experimental group presents one of the main characteristics of the disorder. In addition, results also show that practically all the measured body parts present significant differences, being higher in the clinical group, highlighting the head as the joint with the highest effect size. MDPI 2021-04-07 /pmc/articles/PMC8067742/ /pubmed/33917074 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18083870 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Sempere-Tortosa, Mireia
Fernández-Carrasco, Francisco
Navarro-Soria, Ignasi
Rizo-Maestre, Carlos
Movement Patterns in Students Diagnosed with ADHD, Objective Measurement in a Natural Learning Environment
title Movement Patterns in Students Diagnosed with ADHD, Objective Measurement in a Natural Learning Environment
title_full Movement Patterns in Students Diagnosed with ADHD, Objective Measurement in a Natural Learning Environment
title_fullStr Movement Patterns in Students Diagnosed with ADHD, Objective Measurement in a Natural Learning Environment
title_full_unstemmed Movement Patterns in Students Diagnosed with ADHD, Objective Measurement in a Natural Learning Environment
title_short Movement Patterns in Students Diagnosed with ADHD, Objective Measurement in a Natural Learning Environment
title_sort movement patterns in students diagnosed with adhd, objective measurement in a natural learning environment
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8067742/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33917074
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18083870
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