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Population-Based COVID-19 Screening in Mexico: Assessment of Symptoms and Their Weighting in Predicting SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Background and Objectives: Sentinel surveillance in the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico represented a significant cost reduction and was useful in estimating the population infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, it also implied that many patients were not screened and therefore had no acc...

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Autores principales: Martinez-Fierro, Margarita L, Diaz-Lozano, Martha, Alvarez-Zuñiga, Claudia, Ramirez-Hernandez, Leticia A, Araujo-Espino, Roxana, Trejo-Ortiz, Perla M, Mollinedo-Montaño, Fabiana E, Ortiz-Castro, Yolanda, Vazquez-Reyes, Sodel, Velasco-Elizondo, Perla, Garcia-Esquivel, Lidia, Araujo-Conejo, Arturo, Garza-Veloz, Idalia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8068236/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33917858
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57040363
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author Martinez-Fierro, Margarita L
Diaz-Lozano, Martha
Alvarez-Zuñiga, Claudia
Ramirez-Hernandez, Leticia A
Araujo-Espino, Roxana
Trejo-Ortiz, Perla M
Mollinedo-Montaño, Fabiana E
Ortiz-Castro, Yolanda
Vazquez-Reyes, Sodel
Velasco-Elizondo, Perla
Garcia-Esquivel, Lidia
Araujo-Conejo, Arturo
Garza-Veloz, Idalia
author_facet Martinez-Fierro, Margarita L
Diaz-Lozano, Martha
Alvarez-Zuñiga, Claudia
Ramirez-Hernandez, Leticia A
Araujo-Espino, Roxana
Trejo-Ortiz, Perla M
Mollinedo-Montaño, Fabiana E
Ortiz-Castro, Yolanda
Vazquez-Reyes, Sodel
Velasco-Elizondo, Perla
Garcia-Esquivel, Lidia
Araujo-Conejo, Arturo
Garza-Veloz, Idalia
author_sort Martinez-Fierro, Margarita L
collection PubMed
description Background and Objectives: Sentinel surveillance in the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico represented a significant cost reduction and was useful in estimating the population infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, it also implied that many patients were not screened and therefore had no accurate diagnosis. In this study, we carried out a population-based SARS-CoV-2 screening in Mexico to evaluate the COVID-19-related symptoms and their weighting in predicting SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also discuss this data in the context of the operational definition of suspected cases of COVID-19 established by the Mexican Health Authority’s consensus. Materials and Methods: One thousand two hundred seventy-nine subjects were included. They were screened for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR. The weighting of COVID-19 symptoms in predicting SARS-CoV-2 infection was evaluated statistically. Results: Three hundred and twenty-five patients were positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 954 were negative. Fever, asthenia, dysgeusia, and oxygen saturation predicted SARS-CoV-2 infection (odds ratios ranged from 1.74 to 4.98; p < 0.05). The percentage of asymptomatic COVID-19 patients was 36% and only 38.15% met the Mexican operational definition. Cq-values for the gene N of SARS-CoV-2 were significantly higher in asymptomatic subjects than in the groups of COVID-19 patients with neurological, respiratory, and/or musculoskeletal manifestations (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Dysgeusia, fever, and asthenia increased the odds of a positive result for COVID-19 1.74–4.98-fold among the study population. Patients with neurological, respiratory, and/or musculoskeletal manifestations had higher viral loads at COVID-19 diagnosis than those observed in asymptomatic patients. A high percentage of the participants in the study (61.85%) did not meet the operational definition for a suspected case of COVID-19 established by the Mexican Health Authority’s consensus, representing a high percentage of the population that could have remained without a COVID-19 diagnosis, so becoming a potential source of virus spread.
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spelling pubmed-80682362021-04-25 Population-Based COVID-19 Screening in Mexico: Assessment of Symptoms and Their Weighting in Predicting SARS-CoV-2 Infection Martinez-Fierro, Margarita L Diaz-Lozano, Martha Alvarez-Zuñiga, Claudia Ramirez-Hernandez, Leticia A Araujo-Espino, Roxana Trejo-Ortiz, Perla M Mollinedo-Montaño, Fabiana E Ortiz-Castro, Yolanda Vazquez-Reyes, Sodel Velasco-Elizondo, Perla Garcia-Esquivel, Lidia Araujo-Conejo, Arturo Garza-Veloz, Idalia Medicina (Kaunas) Article Background and Objectives: Sentinel surveillance in the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico represented a significant cost reduction and was useful in estimating the population infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, it also implied that many patients were not screened and therefore had no accurate diagnosis. In this study, we carried out a population-based SARS-CoV-2 screening in Mexico to evaluate the COVID-19-related symptoms and their weighting in predicting SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also discuss this data in the context of the operational definition of suspected cases of COVID-19 established by the Mexican Health Authority’s consensus. Materials and Methods: One thousand two hundred seventy-nine subjects were included. They were screened for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR. The weighting of COVID-19 symptoms in predicting SARS-CoV-2 infection was evaluated statistically. Results: Three hundred and twenty-five patients were positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 954 were negative. Fever, asthenia, dysgeusia, and oxygen saturation predicted SARS-CoV-2 infection (odds ratios ranged from 1.74 to 4.98; p < 0.05). The percentage of asymptomatic COVID-19 patients was 36% and only 38.15% met the Mexican operational definition. Cq-values for the gene N of SARS-CoV-2 were significantly higher in asymptomatic subjects than in the groups of COVID-19 patients with neurological, respiratory, and/or musculoskeletal manifestations (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Dysgeusia, fever, and asthenia increased the odds of a positive result for COVID-19 1.74–4.98-fold among the study population. Patients with neurological, respiratory, and/or musculoskeletal manifestations had higher viral loads at COVID-19 diagnosis than those observed in asymptomatic patients. A high percentage of the participants in the study (61.85%) did not meet the operational definition for a suspected case of COVID-19 established by the Mexican Health Authority’s consensus, representing a high percentage of the population that could have remained without a COVID-19 diagnosis, so becoming a potential source of virus spread. MDPI 2021-04-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8068236/ /pubmed/33917858 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57040363 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Martinez-Fierro, Margarita L
Diaz-Lozano, Martha
Alvarez-Zuñiga, Claudia
Ramirez-Hernandez, Leticia A
Araujo-Espino, Roxana
Trejo-Ortiz, Perla M
Mollinedo-Montaño, Fabiana E
Ortiz-Castro, Yolanda
Vazquez-Reyes, Sodel
Velasco-Elizondo, Perla
Garcia-Esquivel, Lidia
Araujo-Conejo, Arturo
Garza-Veloz, Idalia
Population-Based COVID-19 Screening in Mexico: Assessment of Symptoms and Their Weighting in Predicting SARS-CoV-2 Infection
title Population-Based COVID-19 Screening in Mexico: Assessment of Symptoms and Their Weighting in Predicting SARS-CoV-2 Infection
title_full Population-Based COVID-19 Screening in Mexico: Assessment of Symptoms and Their Weighting in Predicting SARS-CoV-2 Infection
title_fullStr Population-Based COVID-19 Screening in Mexico: Assessment of Symptoms and Their Weighting in Predicting SARS-CoV-2 Infection
title_full_unstemmed Population-Based COVID-19 Screening in Mexico: Assessment of Symptoms and Their Weighting in Predicting SARS-CoV-2 Infection
title_short Population-Based COVID-19 Screening in Mexico: Assessment of Symptoms and Their Weighting in Predicting SARS-CoV-2 Infection
title_sort population-based covid-19 screening in mexico: assessment of symptoms and their weighting in predicting sars-cov-2 infection
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8068236/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33917858
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57040363
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