Genomic and Metabolomic Investigation of a Rhizosphere Isolate Streptomyces netropsis WLXQSS-4 Associated with a Traditional Chinese Medicine

Rhizosphere microorganisms play important ecological roles in promoting herb growth and producing abundant secondary metabolites. Studies on the rhizosphere microbes of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are limited, especially on the genomic and metabolic levels. In this study, we reported the isolation and characterization of a Steptomyces netropsis WLXQSS-4 strain from the rhizospheric soil of Clematis manshurica Rupr. Genomic sequencing revealed an impressive total of 40 predicted biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), whereas metabolomic profiling revealed 13 secondary metabolites under current laboratory conditions. Particularly, medium screening activated the production of alloaureothin, whereas brominated and chlorinated pimprinine derivatives were identified through precursor-directed feeding. Moreover, antiproliferative activities against Hela and A549 cancer cell lines were observed for five compounds, of which two also elicited potent growth inhibition in Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Our results demonstrated the robust secondary metabolism of S. netropsis WLXQSS-4, which may serve as a biocontrol agent upon further investigation.