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Physiological Imaging Methods for Evaluating Response to Immunotherapies in Glioblastomas
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor in adults, with a dismal prognosis despite aggressive multi-modal therapy. Immunotherapy is currently being evaluated as an alternate treatment modality for recurrent GBMs in clinical trials. These immunotherapeutic approaches harness the patient’...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8069140/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33918043 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22083867 |
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author | Chawla, Sanjeev Shehu, Vanessa Gupta, Pradeep K. Nath, Kavindra Poptani, Harish |
author_facet | Chawla, Sanjeev Shehu, Vanessa Gupta, Pradeep K. Nath, Kavindra Poptani, Harish |
author_sort | Chawla, Sanjeev |
collection | PubMed |
description | Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor in adults, with a dismal prognosis despite aggressive multi-modal therapy. Immunotherapy is currently being evaluated as an alternate treatment modality for recurrent GBMs in clinical trials. These immunotherapeutic approaches harness the patient’s immune response to fight and eliminate tumor cells. Standard MR imaging is not adequate for response assessment to immunotherapy in GBM patients even after using refined response assessment criteria secondary to amplified immune response. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of effective and alternative neuroimaging techniques for accurate response assessment. To this end, some groups have reported the potential of diffusion and perfusion MR imaging and amino acid-based positron emission tomography techniques in evaluating treatment response to different immunotherapeutic regimens in GBMs. The main goal of these techniques is to provide definitive metrics of treatment response at earlier time points for making informed decisions on future therapeutic interventions. This review provides an overview of available immunotherapeutic approaches used to treat GBMs. It discusses the limitations of conventional imaging and potential utilities of physiologic imaging techniques in the response assessment to immunotherapies. It also describes challenges associated with these imaging methods and potential solutions to avoid them. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8069140 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80691402021-04-26 Physiological Imaging Methods for Evaluating Response to Immunotherapies in Glioblastomas Chawla, Sanjeev Shehu, Vanessa Gupta, Pradeep K. Nath, Kavindra Poptani, Harish Int J Mol Sci Review Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor in adults, with a dismal prognosis despite aggressive multi-modal therapy. Immunotherapy is currently being evaluated as an alternate treatment modality for recurrent GBMs in clinical trials. These immunotherapeutic approaches harness the patient’s immune response to fight and eliminate tumor cells. Standard MR imaging is not adequate for response assessment to immunotherapy in GBM patients even after using refined response assessment criteria secondary to amplified immune response. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of effective and alternative neuroimaging techniques for accurate response assessment. To this end, some groups have reported the potential of diffusion and perfusion MR imaging and amino acid-based positron emission tomography techniques in evaluating treatment response to different immunotherapeutic regimens in GBMs. The main goal of these techniques is to provide definitive metrics of treatment response at earlier time points for making informed decisions on future therapeutic interventions. This review provides an overview of available immunotherapeutic approaches used to treat GBMs. It discusses the limitations of conventional imaging and potential utilities of physiologic imaging techniques in the response assessment to immunotherapies. It also describes challenges associated with these imaging methods and potential solutions to avoid them. MDPI 2021-04-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8069140/ /pubmed/33918043 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22083867 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Chawla, Sanjeev Shehu, Vanessa Gupta, Pradeep K. Nath, Kavindra Poptani, Harish Physiological Imaging Methods for Evaluating Response to Immunotherapies in Glioblastomas |
title | Physiological Imaging Methods for Evaluating Response to Immunotherapies in Glioblastomas |
title_full | Physiological Imaging Methods for Evaluating Response to Immunotherapies in Glioblastomas |
title_fullStr | Physiological Imaging Methods for Evaluating Response to Immunotherapies in Glioblastomas |
title_full_unstemmed | Physiological Imaging Methods for Evaluating Response to Immunotherapies in Glioblastomas |
title_short | Physiological Imaging Methods for Evaluating Response to Immunotherapies in Glioblastomas |
title_sort | physiological imaging methods for evaluating response to immunotherapies in glioblastomas |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8069140/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33918043 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22083867 |
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