Integrated Proteomics and Metabolomics Analysis of Perirenal Adipose Tissue in Obese Rabbits Treated with a Restricted Diet

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Nowadays, obesity and obesity-related diseases are rapidly increasing in most countries and regions. In this context, about 25-50% of people show that they are trying to lose weight and this trend is especially prominent among women. Here, obese rabbits were used as a model to study the effects of dieting on the molecular change of perirenal adipose tissue by integrating proteomics and metabolomics analysis. Our results indicate that 343 proteins and 150 metabolites were markedly changed and these molecules are associated with amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and membrane and cytoskeleton reconstruction. Interestingly, some inflammation-related molecules such as mevalonic acid, arachidonic acid, 15(S)-HpETE, cholecalciferol, hydrocortisone, lipoxin B4, lithocholic acid, etc. were differently changed and these molecules may be the key roles to fight inflammation induced by a high-fat diet. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular profile of dieting-mediated weight loss and may provide some help for the prevention and treatment of obesity. ABSTRACT: In recent years, many people have shown an excess of fat accumulation. Known as obesity, this lesion poses an increased risk for multiple diseases, such as endocrine disease, diabetes, and cancer, and has reached epidemic proportions. Accompanied by the development of obesity, concern over body image and weight loss behavior is a growing social problem and public health threat, causing concern for many health professionals. However, the consequences of rapid weight loss remain largely unclear. Here, we applied an integrated proteomics and metabolomics analysis to investigate the effects of dieting on the proteins and metabolites in obese rabbits. Our study revealed that 343 differentially expressed proteins (136 upregulated and 207 downregulated) and 150 differentially expressed metabolites (91 upregulated and 59 downregulated) were identified. These molecules are mainly involved in the biological processes, including amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and membrane and cytoskeleton reconstruction. The integrated analysis found that mevalonic acid, arachidonic acid, 15(S)-HpETE, cholecalciferol, hydrocortisone, lipoxin B4, lithocholic acid, etc. were associated with multiple pathways, and they may be the key factors to fight inflammation induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Overall, this study provides further insight into the consequences of dieting-mediated weight loss and may contribute to the prevention and treatment of obesity.