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Characterizing Micronutrient Status and Risk Factors among Late Adolescent and Young Women in Rural Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Assessment of the MaPPS Trial

Nutritional deficiencies are a leading underlying risk factor contributing to the global burden of disease. In Pakistan, late adolescence is considered a nutritionally vulnerable period, as micronutrient requirements are increased to support maturation, and dietary staples are nutrient poor. However...

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Autores principales: Baxter, Jo-Anna B., Wasan, Yaqub, Hussain, Amjad, Soofi, Sajid B., Ahmed, Imran, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8069550/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33918630
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041237
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author Baxter, Jo-Anna B.
Wasan, Yaqub
Hussain, Amjad
Soofi, Sajid B.
Ahmed, Imran
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
author_facet Baxter, Jo-Anna B.
Wasan, Yaqub
Hussain, Amjad
Soofi, Sajid B.
Ahmed, Imran
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
author_sort Baxter, Jo-Anna B.
collection PubMed
description Nutritional deficiencies are a leading underlying risk factor contributing to the global burden of disease. In Pakistan, late adolescence is considered a nutritionally vulnerable period, as micronutrient requirements are increased to support maturation, and dietary staples are nutrient poor. However, there has been limited evaluation of micronutrient status beyond anemia and its determinants. Using cross-sectional data from late adolescent and young women (15–23 years) at enrolment in the Matiari emPowerment and Preconception Supplementation (MaPPS) Trial, we aimed to describe the prevalence of key micronutrient deficiencies of public health concern, and generate hierarchical models to examine associations with proxies for social determinants of health (SDoH). The prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies was high: 53.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 53.0–54.3%) had anemia; 38.0% (95% CI: 36.4–39.6%) iron deficiency anemia; 31.8% (95% CI: 30.2–33.3%) vitamin A deficiency; and 81.1% (95% CI: 79.8–82.4%) vitamin D deficiency. At least one deficiency was experienced by 91.0% (95% CI: 90.1–92.0%). Few SDoH were maintained in the final hierarchical models, although those maintained were often related to socioeconomic status (e.g., education, occupation). To improve the micronutrient status of late adolescent and young women in Pakistan, a direct micronutrient intervention is warranted, and should be paired with broader poverty alleviation methods.
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spelling pubmed-80695502021-04-26 Characterizing Micronutrient Status and Risk Factors among Late Adolescent and Young Women in Rural Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Assessment of the MaPPS Trial Baxter, Jo-Anna B. Wasan, Yaqub Hussain, Amjad Soofi, Sajid B. Ahmed, Imran Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Nutrients Article Nutritional deficiencies are a leading underlying risk factor contributing to the global burden of disease. In Pakistan, late adolescence is considered a nutritionally vulnerable period, as micronutrient requirements are increased to support maturation, and dietary staples are nutrient poor. However, there has been limited evaluation of micronutrient status beyond anemia and its determinants. Using cross-sectional data from late adolescent and young women (15–23 years) at enrolment in the Matiari emPowerment and Preconception Supplementation (MaPPS) Trial, we aimed to describe the prevalence of key micronutrient deficiencies of public health concern, and generate hierarchical models to examine associations with proxies for social determinants of health (SDoH). The prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies was high: 53.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 53.0–54.3%) had anemia; 38.0% (95% CI: 36.4–39.6%) iron deficiency anemia; 31.8% (95% CI: 30.2–33.3%) vitamin A deficiency; and 81.1% (95% CI: 79.8–82.4%) vitamin D deficiency. At least one deficiency was experienced by 91.0% (95% CI: 90.1–92.0%). Few SDoH were maintained in the final hierarchical models, although those maintained were often related to socioeconomic status (e.g., education, occupation). To improve the micronutrient status of late adolescent and young women in Pakistan, a direct micronutrient intervention is warranted, and should be paired with broader poverty alleviation methods. MDPI 2021-04-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8069550/ /pubmed/33918630 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041237 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Baxter, Jo-Anna B.
Wasan, Yaqub
Hussain, Amjad
Soofi, Sajid B.
Ahmed, Imran
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
Characterizing Micronutrient Status and Risk Factors among Late Adolescent and Young Women in Rural Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Assessment of the MaPPS Trial
title Characterizing Micronutrient Status and Risk Factors among Late Adolescent and Young Women in Rural Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Assessment of the MaPPS Trial
title_full Characterizing Micronutrient Status and Risk Factors among Late Adolescent and Young Women in Rural Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Assessment of the MaPPS Trial
title_fullStr Characterizing Micronutrient Status and Risk Factors among Late Adolescent and Young Women in Rural Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Assessment of the MaPPS Trial
title_full_unstemmed Characterizing Micronutrient Status and Risk Factors among Late Adolescent and Young Women in Rural Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Assessment of the MaPPS Trial
title_short Characterizing Micronutrient Status and Risk Factors among Late Adolescent and Young Women in Rural Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Assessment of the MaPPS Trial
title_sort characterizing micronutrient status and risk factors among late adolescent and young women in rural pakistan: a cross-sectional assessment of the mapps trial
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8069550/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33918630
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041237
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