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Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Serum Vitamin D Level among Infants and Toddlers: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis and before-and-after Comparison

Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the implementation of social distancing and home confinement measures may elevate the risk of vitamin D deficiency particularly for infants. This study aimed to quantify changes in vitamin D level among infants and toddlers in Hong...

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Autores principales: Wong, Rosa S., Tung, Keith T. S., So, Hung-Kwan, Wong, Wilfred H. S., Wong, Siew Yan, Tsang, Hing Wai, Tung, Joanna Y. L., Chua, Gilbert T., Ho, Marco H. K., Wong, Ian C. K., Ip, Patrick
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8069706/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33924387
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041270
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author Wong, Rosa S.
Tung, Keith T. S.
So, Hung-Kwan
Wong, Wilfred H. S.
Wong, Siew Yan
Tsang, Hing Wai
Tung, Joanna Y. L.
Chua, Gilbert T.
Ho, Marco H. K.
Wong, Ian C. K.
Ip, Patrick
author_facet Wong, Rosa S.
Tung, Keith T. S.
So, Hung-Kwan
Wong, Wilfred H. S.
Wong, Siew Yan
Tsang, Hing Wai
Tung, Joanna Y. L.
Chua, Gilbert T.
Ho, Marco H. K.
Wong, Ian C. K.
Ip, Patrick
author_sort Wong, Rosa S.
collection PubMed
description Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the implementation of social distancing and home confinement measures may elevate the risk of vitamin D deficiency particularly for infants. This study aimed to quantify changes in vitamin D level among infants and toddlers in Hong Kong after the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: We recruited 303 infants and toddlers aged 2–24 months by stratified random sampling from 1 June 2019 to November 30, 2020. Regression models were used to estimate the effect of time on infants’ serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level overall and by age groups before and after the outbreak. Interrupted time series (ITS) analysis was performed to examine the sustained effect of COVID-19 on their serum 25(OH)D level. Results: The ITS results showed no immediate reduction in serum 25(OH)D level among infants, but a decreasing trend was observed in the subsequent months post-outbreak at a monthly decline rate of −6.32 nmol/L. When analyzed by age group, the magnitude of post-outbreak reduction in 25(OH)D was stronger among younger infants (aged 2–6 months). Conclusion: Guidelines and recommendations should be given to pregnant women and mothers to ensure sufficient vitamin D level in their infants during the COVID-19 period.
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spelling pubmed-80697062021-04-26 Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Serum Vitamin D Level among Infants and Toddlers: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis and before-and-after Comparison Wong, Rosa S. Tung, Keith T. S. So, Hung-Kwan Wong, Wilfred H. S. Wong, Siew Yan Tsang, Hing Wai Tung, Joanna Y. L. Chua, Gilbert T. Ho, Marco H. K. Wong, Ian C. K. Ip, Patrick Nutrients Article Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the implementation of social distancing and home confinement measures may elevate the risk of vitamin D deficiency particularly for infants. This study aimed to quantify changes in vitamin D level among infants and toddlers in Hong Kong after the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: We recruited 303 infants and toddlers aged 2–24 months by stratified random sampling from 1 June 2019 to November 30, 2020. Regression models were used to estimate the effect of time on infants’ serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level overall and by age groups before and after the outbreak. Interrupted time series (ITS) analysis was performed to examine the sustained effect of COVID-19 on their serum 25(OH)D level. Results: The ITS results showed no immediate reduction in serum 25(OH)D level among infants, but a decreasing trend was observed in the subsequent months post-outbreak at a monthly decline rate of −6.32 nmol/L. When analyzed by age group, the magnitude of post-outbreak reduction in 25(OH)D was stronger among younger infants (aged 2–6 months). Conclusion: Guidelines and recommendations should be given to pregnant women and mothers to ensure sufficient vitamin D level in their infants during the COVID-19 period. MDPI 2021-04-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8069706/ /pubmed/33924387 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041270 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Wong, Rosa S.
Tung, Keith T. S.
So, Hung-Kwan
Wong, Wilfred H. S.
Wong, Siew Yan
Tsang, Hing Wai
Tung, Joanna Y. L.
Chua, Gilbert T.
Ho, Marco H. K.
Wong, Ian C. K.
Ip, Patrick
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Serum Vitamin D Level among Infants and Toddlers: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis and before-and-after Comparison
title Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Serum Vitamin D Level among Infants and Toddlers: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis and before-and-after Comparison
title_full Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Serum Vitamin D Level among Infants and Toddlers: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis and before-and-after Comparison
title_fullStr Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Serum Vitamin D Level among Infants and Toddlers: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis and before-and-after Comparison
title_full_unstemmed Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Serum Vitamin D Level among Infants and Toddlers: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis and before-and-after Comparison
title_short Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Serum Vitamin D Level among Infants and Toddlers: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis and before-and-after Comparison
title_sort impact of covid-19 pandemic on serum vitamin d level among infants and toddlers: an interrupted time series analysis and before-and-after comparison
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8069706/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33924387
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041270
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