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Isothiazolinones as Novel Candidate Insecticides for the Control of Hemipteran Insects
Hemipteran insects, such as whiteflies, aphids and planthoppers, resemble one of the most important pest groups threating food security. While many insecticides have been used to control these pests, many issues such as insecticide resistance have been found, highlighting the urgent need to develop...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8069810/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33919688 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10040436 |
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author | He, Wenze Pan, Lilong Han, Wenhao Wang, Xiaowei |
author_facet | He, Wenze Pan, Lilong Han, Wenhao Wang, Xiaowei |
author_sort | He, Wenze |
collection | PubMed |
description | Hemipteran insects, such as whiteflies, aphids and planthoppers, resemble one of the most important pest groups threating food security. While many insecticides have been used to control these pests, many issues such as insecticide resistance have been found, highlighting the urgent need to develop novel insecticides. Here, we first observed that a commercial tetramycin solution was highly effective in killing whitefly. The major bioactive constituents were identified to be isothiazolinones, a group of biocides. We then tested the toxicity of several isothiazolinones to five hemipteran insects. The results show that Kathon, a widely used biocide against microorganisms, and its two constituents, chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT) and methylisothiazolinone (MIT), can cause considerable levels of mortality to whiteflies and aphids when applied at concentrations close to, or lower than, the upper limit of these chemicals permitted in cosmetic products. The results also indicate that two other isothiazolinones, benzisothiazolinone (BIT) and octylisothiazolinone (OIT) can cause considerable levels of mortality to whitefly and aphids but are less toxic than Kathon. Further, we show that Kathon marginally affects whitefly endosymbionts, suggesting its insecticidal activity is independent of its biocidal activity. These results suggest that some isothiazolinones are promising candidates for the development of a new class of insecticides for the control of hemipteran pests. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8069810 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80698102021-04-26 Isothiazolinones as Novel Candidate Insecticides for the Control of Hemipteran Insects He, Wenze Pan, Lilong Han, Wenhao Wang, Xiaowei Antibiotics (Basel) Article Hemipteran insects, such as whiteflies, aphids and planthoppers, resemble one of the most important pest groups threating food security. While many insecticides have been used to control these pests, many issues such as insecticide resistance have been found, highlighting the urgent need to develop novel insecticides. Here, we first observed that a commercial tetramycin solution was highly effective in killing whitefly. The major bioactive constituents were identified to be isothiazolinones, a group of biocides. We then tested the toxicity of several isothiazolinones to five hemipteran insects. The results show that Kathon, a widely used biocide against microorganisms, and its two constituents, chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT) and methylisothiazolinone (MIT), can cause considerable levels of mortality to whiteflies and aphids when applied at concentrations close to, or lower than, the upper limit of these chemicals permitted in cosmetic products. The results also indicate that two other isothiazolinones, benzisothiazolinone (BIT) and octylisothiazolinone (OIT) can cause considerable levels of mortality to whitefly and aphids but are less toxic than Kathon. Further, we show that Kathon marginally affects whitefly endosymbionts, suggesting its insecticidal activity is independent of its biocidal activity. These results suggest that some isothiazolinones are promising candidates for the development of a new class of insecticides for the control of hemipteran pests. MDPI 2021-04-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8069810/ /pubmed/33919688 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10040436 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article He, Wenze Pan, Lilong Han, Wenhao Wang, Xiaowei Isothiazolinones as Novel Candidate Insecticides for the Control of Hemipteran Insects |
title | Isothiazolinones as Novel Candidate Insecticides for the Control of Hemipteran Insects |
title_full | Isothiazolinones as Novel Candidate Insecticides for the Control of Hemipteran Insects |
title_fullStr | Isothiazolinones as Novel Candidate Insecticides for the Control of Hemipteran Insects |
title_full_unstemmed | Isothiazolinones as Novel Candidate Insecticides for the Control of Hemipteran Insects |
title_short | Isothiazolinones as Novel Candidate Insecticides for the Control of Hemipteran Insects |
title_sort | isothiazolinones as novel candidate insecticides for the control of hemipteran insects |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8069810/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33919688 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10040436 |
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