Application of Combined Analyses of Stable Isotopes and Stomach Contents for Understanding Ontogenetic Niche Shifts in Silver Croaker (Pennahia argentata)

Stable isotope analysis (SIA) and stomach content analysis (SCA) were conducted to understand ontogenetic niche shifts in silver croaker Pennahia argentata inhabiting the southern coastal waters of the Korean peninsula. Sampled P. argentata were classified into three groups based on their total length (TL; 60–80 mm TL, 80–120 mm TL, and 120–210 mm TL). Carbon isotope (δ(13)C) ratios were distinguishable, whereas nitrogen isotope (δ(15)N) ratios were not significantly different among size classes, and Standard Ellipse Area (SEA), estimated by δ(13)C and δ(15)N, was expanded with increasing TL from 0.2 ‰(2) (60–80 mm TL) to 2.0 ‰(2) (120–210 mm TL). SCA results showed variable contribution of dietary items to each size class. In particular, higher dietary contribution of Polychaeta to P. argentata of 80–120 mm TL than 120–210 mm TL mirrored variation in δ(13)C values of P. argentata in those size classes. Based on the combined analyses involving SIA and SCA, we concluded that P. argentata underwent ontogenetic niche shifts, particularly dietary shifts, with growth stages. Ontogenetic niche shifting is a representative survival strategy in fish, and, therefore, represents essential information for managing fisheries. The present study demonstrated applicability of combined SIA and SCA analyses, not only for dietary resource tracing, but also for ecological niche studies.