Cargando…
Analysis of Graviresponse and Biological Effects of Vertical and Horizontal Clinorotation in Arabidopsis thaliana Root Tip
Clinorotation was the first method designed to simulate microgravity on ground and it remains the most common and accessible simulation procedure. However, different experimental settings, namely angular velocity, sample orientation, and distance to the rotation center produce different responses in...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8070489/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33918741 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10040734 |
_version_ | 1783683482021527552 |
---|---|
author | Villacampa, Alicia Sora, Ludovico Herranz, Raúl Medina, Francisco-Javier Ciska, Malgorzata |
author_facet | Villacampa, Alicia Sora, Ludovico Herranz, Raúl Medina, Francisco-Javier Ciska, Malgorzata |
author_sort | Villacampa, Alicia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Clinorotation was the first method designed to simulate microgravity on ground and it remains the most common and accessible simulation procedure. However, different experimental settings, namely angular velocity, sample orientation, and distance to the rotation center produce different responses in seedlings. Here, we compare A. thaliana root responses to the two most commonly used velocities, as examples of slow and fast clinorotation, and to vertical and horizontal clinorotation. We investigate their impact on the three stages of gravitropism: statolith sedimentation, asymmetrical auxin distribution, and differential elongation. We also investigate the statocyte ultrastructure by electron microscopy. Horizontal slow clinorotation induces changes in the statocyte ultrastructure related to a stress response and internalization of the PIN-FORMED 2 (PIN2) auxin transporter in the lower endodermis, probably due to enhanced mechano-stimulation. Additionally, fast clinorotation, as predicted, is only suitable within a very limited radius from the clinorotation center and triggers directional root growth according to the direction of the centrifugal force. Our study provides a full morphological picture of the stages of graviresponse in the root tip, and it is a valuable contribution to the field of microgravity simulation by clarifying the limitations of 2D-clinostats and proposing a proper use. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8070489 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80704892021-04-26 Analysis of Graviresponse and Biological Effects of Vertical and Horizontal Clinorotation in Arabidopsis thaliana Root Tip Villacampa, Alicia Sora, Ludovico Herranz, Raúl Medina, Francisco-Javier Ciska, Malgorzata Plants (Basel) Article Clinorotation was the first method designed to simulate microgravity on ground and it remains the most common and accessible simulation procedure. However, different experimental settings, namely angular velocity, sample orientation, and distance to the rotation center produce different responses in seedlings. Here, we compare A. thaliana root responses to the two most commonly used velocities, as examples of slow and fast clinorotation, and to vertical and horizontal clinorotation. We investigate their impact on the three stages of gravitropism: statolith sedimentation, asymmetrical auxin distribution, and differential elongation. We also investigate the statocyte ultrastructure by electron microscopy. Horizontal slow clinorotation induces changes in the statocyte ultrastructure related to a stress response and internalization of the PIN-FORMED 2 (PIN2) auxin transporter in the lower endodermis, probably due to enhanced mechano-stimulation. Additionally, fast clinorotation, as predicted, is only suitable within a very limited radius from the clinorotation center and triggers directional root growth according to the direction of the centrifugal force. Our study provides a full morphological picture of the stages of graviresponse in the root tip, and it is a valuable contribution to the field of microgravity simulation by clarifying the limitations of 2D-clinostats and proposing a proper use. MDPI 2021-04-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8070489/ /pubmed/33918741 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10040734 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Villacampa, Alicia Sora, Ludovico Herranz, Raúl Medina, Francisco-Javier Ciska, Malgorzata Analysis of Graviresponse and Biological Effects of Vertical and Horizontal Clinorotation in Arabidopsis thaliana Root Tip |
title | Analysis of Graviresponse and Biological Effects of Vertical and Horizontal Clinorotation in Arabidopsis thaliana Root Tip |
title_full | Analysis of Graviresponse and Biological Effects of Vertical and Horizontal Clinorotation in Arabidopsis thaliana Root Tip |
title_fullStr | Analysis of Graviresponse and Biological Effects of Vertical and Horizontal Clinorotation in Arabidopsis thaliana Root Tip |
title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Graviresponse and Biological Effects of Vertical and Horizontal Clinorotation in Arabidopsis thaliana Root Tip |
title_short | Analysis of Graviresponse and Biological Effects of Vertical and Horizontal Clinorotation in Arabidopsis thaliana Root Tip |
title_sort | analysis of graviresponse and biological effects of vertical and horizontal clinorotation in arabidopsis thaliana root tip |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8070489/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33918741 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10040734 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT villacampaalicia analysisofgraviresponseandbiologicaleffectsofverticalandhorizontalclinorotationinarabidopsisthalianaroottip AT soraludovico analysisofgraviresponseandbiologicaleffectsofverticalandhorizontalclinorotationinarabidopsisthalianaroottip AT herranzraul analysisofgraviresponseandbiologicaleffectsofverticalandhorizontalclinorotationinarabidopsisthalianaroottip AT medinafranciscojavier analysisofgraviresponseandbiologicaleffectsofverticalandhorizontalclinorotationinarabidopsisthalianaroottip AT ciskamalgorzata analysisofgraviresponseandbiologicaleffectsofverticalandhorizontalclinorotationinarabidopsisthalianaroottip |