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A Retrospective Exploratory Analysis on Cardiovascular Risk and Cognitive Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis
Background. Cardiovascular comorbidities have been associated with cognitive decline in the general population. Objectives. To evaluate the associations between cardiovascular risk and neuropsychological performances in MS. Methods. This is a retrospective study, including 69 MS patients. For all pa...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8071566/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33923390 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11040502 |
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author | Reia, Antonio Petruzzo, Martina Falco, Fabrizia Costabile, Teresa Conenna, Matteo Carotenuto, Antonio Petracca, Maria Servillo, Giuseppe Lanzillo, Roberta Brescia Morra, Vincenzo Moccia, Marcello |
author_facet | Reia, Antonio Petruzzo, Martina Falco, Fabrizia Costabile, Teresa Conenna, Matteo Carotenuto, Antonio Petracca, Maria Servillo, Giuseppe Lanzillo, Roberta Brescia Morra, Vincenzo Moccia, Marcello |
author_sort | Reia, Antonio |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background. Cardiovascular comorbidities have been associated with cognitive decline in the general population. Objectives. To evaluate the associations between cardiovascular risk and neuropsychological performances in MS. Methods. This is a retrospective study, including 69 MS patients. For all patients, we calculated the Framingham risk score, which provides the 10-year probability of developing macrovascular disease, using age, sex, diabetes, smoking, systolic blood pressure, and cholesterol levels as input variables. Cognitive function was examined with the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS), including the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), the California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II), and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R). Results. Each point increase of the Framingham risk score corresponded to 0.21 lower CVLT-II score. Looking at Framingham risk score components, male sex and higher total cholesterol levels corresponded to lower CVLT scores (Coeff = −8.54; 95%CI = −15.51, −1.57; and Coeff = −0.11; 95%CI = −0.20, −0.02, respectively). No associations were found between cardiovascular risk and SDMT or BVMT-R. Conclusions. In our exploratory analyses, cardiovascular risk was associated with verbal learning dysfunction in MS. Lifestyle and pharmacological interventions on cardiovascular risk factors should be considered carefully in the management of MS, given the possible effects on cognitive function. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8071566 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80715662021-04-26 A Retrospective Exploratory Analysis on Cardiovascular Risk and Cognitive Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis Reia, Antonio Petruzzo, Martina Falco, Fabrizia Costabile, Teresa Conenna, Matteo Carotenuto, Antonio Petracca, Maria Servillo, Giuseppe Lanzillo, Roberta Brescia Morra, Vincenzo Moccia, Marcello Brain Sci Article Background. Cardiovascular comorbidities have been associated with cognitive decline in the general population. Objectives. To evaluate the associations between cardiovascular risk and neuropsychological performances in MS. Methods. This is a retrospective study, including 69 MS patients. For all patients, we calculated the Framingham risk score, which provides the 10-year probability of developing macrovascular disease, using age, sex, diabetes, smoking, systolic blood pressure, and cholesterol levels as input variables. Cognitive function was examined with the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS), including the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), the California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II), and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R). Results. Each point increase of the Framingham risk score corresponded to 0.21 lower CVLT-II score. Looking at Framingham risk score components, male sex and higher total cholesterol levels corresponded to lower CVLT scores (Coeff = −8.54; 95%CI = −15.51, −1.57; and Coeff = −0.11; 95%CI = −0.20, −0.02, respectively). No associations were found between cardiovascular risk and SDMT or BVMT-R. Conclusions. In our exploratory analyses, cardiovascular risk was associated with verbal learning dysfunction in MS. Lifestyle and pharmacological interventions on cardiovascular risk factors should be considered carefully in the management of MS, given the possible effects on cognitive function. MDPI 2021-04-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8071566/ /pubmed/33923390 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11040502 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Reia, Antonio Petruzzo, Martina Falco, Fabrizia Costabile, Teresa Conenna, Matteo Carotenuto, Antonio Petracca, Maria Servillo, Giuseppe Lanzillo, Roberta Brescia Morra, Vincenzo Moccia, Marcello A Retrospective Exploratory Analysis on Cardiovascular Risk and Cognitive Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis |
title | A Retrospective Exploratory Analysis on Cardiovascular Risk and Cognitive Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis |
title_full | A Retrospective Exploratory Analysis on Cardiovascular Risk and Cognitive Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis |
title_fullStr | A Retrospective Exploratory Analysis on Cardiovascular Risk and Cognitive Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis |
title_full_unstemmed | A Retrospective Exploratory Analysis on Cardiovascular Risk and Cognitive Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis |
title_short | A Retrospective Exploratory Analysis on Cardiovascular Risk and Cognitive Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis |
title_sort | retrospective exploratory analysis on cardiovascular risk and cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8071566/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33923390 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11040502 |
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