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Evaluation and management of elbow injuries in the adolescent overhead athlete

With an increased interest in youth sports, the burden of overhead throwing elbow injuries accompanying early single-sport focus has steadily risen. During the overhead throwing motion, valgus torque can reach and surpass Newton meters (N m) during the late cocking and early acceleration phases, whi...

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Autores principales: Looney, Austin M, Rigor, Paolo D, Bodendorfer, Blake M
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8072106/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33996078
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121211003362
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author Looney, Austin M
Rigor, Paolo D
Bodendorfer, Blake M
author_facet Looney, Austin M
Rigor, Paolo D
Bodendorfer, Blake M
author_sort Looney, Austin M
collection PubMed
description With an increased interest in youth sports, the burden of overhead throwing elbow injuries accompanying early single-sport focus has steadily risen. During the overhead throwing motion, valgus torque can reach and surpass Newton meters (N m) during the late cocking and early acceleration phases, which exceeds the tensile strength (22.7–33 N m) of the ulnar collateral ligament. While the ulnar collateral ligament serves as the primary valgus stabilizer between and degrees of elbow flexion, other structures about the elbow must contribute to stability during throwing. Depending on an athlete’s stage of skeletal maturity, certain patterns of injury are observed with mechanical failures resulting from increased medial laxity, lateral-sided compression, and posterior extension shearing forces. Together, these injury patterns represent a wide range of conditions that arise from valgus extension overload. The purpose of this article is to review common pathologies observed in the adolescent overhead throwing athlete in the context of functional anatomy, osseous development, and throwing mechanics. Operative and non-operative management and their associated outcomes will be discussed for these injuries.
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spelling pubmed-80721062021-05-13 Evaluation and management of elbow injuries in the adolescent overhead athlete Looney, Austin M Rigor, Paolo D Bodendorfer, Blake M SAGE Open Med Review With an increased interest in youth sports, the burden of overhead throwing elbow injuries accompanying early single-sport focus has steadily risen. During the overhead throwing motion, valgus torque can reach and surpass Newton meters (N m) during the late cocking and early acceleration phases, which exceeds the tensile strength (22.7–33 N m) of the ulnar collateral ligament. While the ulnar collateral ligament serves as the primary valgus stabilizer between and degrees of elbow flexion, other structures about the elbow must contribute to stability during throwing. Depending on an athlete’s stage of skeletal maturity, certain patterns of injury are observed with mechanical failures resulting from increased medial laxity, lateral-sided compression, and posterior extension shearing forces. Together, these injury patterns represent a wide range of conditions that arise from valgus extension overload. The purpose of this article is to review common pathologies observed in the adolescent overhead throwing athlete in the context of functional anatomy, osseous development, and throwing mechanics. Operative and non-operative management and their associated outcomes will be discussed for these injuries. SAGE Publications 2021-04-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8072106/ /pubmed/33996078 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121211003362 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
spellingShingle Review
Looney, Austin M
Rigor, Paolo D
Bodendorfer, Blake M
Evaluation and management of elbow injuries in the adolescent overhead athlete
title Evaluation and management of elbow injuries in the adolescent overhead athlete
title_full Evaluation and management of elbow injuries in the adolescent overhead athlete
title_fullStr Evaluation and management of elbow injuries in the adolescent overhead athlete
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation and management of elbow injuries in the adolescent overhead athlete
title_short Evaluation and management of elbow injuries in the adolescent overhead athlete
title_sort evaluation and management of elbow injuries in the adolescent overhead athlete
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8072106/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33996078
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121211003362
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