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Pathogenesis of Non-Infectious Uveitis Elucidated by Recent Genetic Findings

Uveitis is a generic term for inflammation of the uvea, which includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. Prevalence of underlying non-infectious uveitis varies by race and region and is a major cause of legal blindness in developed countries. Although the etiology remains unclear, the involvement...

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Autores principales: Takeuchi, Masaki, Mizuki, Nobuhisa, Ohno, Shigeaki
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8072111/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33912164
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.640473
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author Takeuchi, Masaki
Mizuki, Nobuhisa
Ohno, Shigeaki
author_facet Takeuchi, Masaki
Mizuki, Nobuhisa
Ohno, Shigeaki
author_sort Takeuchi, Masaki
collection PubMed
description Uveitis is a generic term for inflammation of the uvea, which includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. Prevalence of underlying non-infectious uveitis varies by race and region and is a major cause of legal blindness in developed countries. Although the etiology remains unclear, the involvement of both genetic and environmental factors is considered important for the onset of many forms of non-infectious uveitis. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, which play a major role in human immune response, have been reported to be strongly associated as genetic risk factors in several forms of non-infectious uveitis. Behçet’s disease, acute anterior uveitis (AAU), and chorioretinopathy are strongly correlated with MHC class I-specific alleles. Moreover, sarcoidosis and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease are associated with MHC class II-specific alleles. These correlations can help immunogenetically classify the immune pathway involved in each form of non-infectious uveitis. Genetic studies, including recent genome-wide association studies, have identified several susceptibility genes apart from those in the MHC region. These genetic findings help define the common or specific pathogenesis of ocular inflammatory diseases by comparing the susceptibility genes of each form of non-infectious uveitis. Interestingly, genome-wide association of the interleukin (IL)23R region has been identified in many of the major forms of non-infectious uveitis, such as Behçet’s disease, ocular sarcoidosis, VKH disease, and AAU. The interleukin-23 (IL-23) receptor, encoded by IL23R, is expressed on the cell surface of Th17 cells. IL-23 is involved in the homeostasis of Th17 cells and the production of IL-17, which is an inflammatory cytokine, indicating that a Th17 immune response is a common key in the pathogenesis of non-infectious uveitis. Based on the findings from the immunogenetics of non-infectious uveitis, a personalized treatment approach based on the patient’s genetic make-up is expected.
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spelling pubmed-80721112021-04-27 Pathogenesis of Non-Infectious Uveitis Elucidated by Recent Genetic Findings Takeuchi, Masaki Mizuki, Nobuhisa Ohno, Shigeaki Front Immunol Immunology Uveitis is a generic term for inflammation of the uvea, which includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. Prevalence of underlying non-infectious uveitis varies by race and region and is a major cause of legal blindness in developed countries. Although the etiology remains unclear, the involvement of both genetic and environmental factors is considered important for the onset of many forms of non-infectious uveitis. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, which play a major role in human immune response, have been reported to be strongly associated as genetic risk factors in several forms of non-infectious uveitis. Behçet’s disease, acute anterior uveitis (AAU), and chorioretinopathy are strongly correlated with MHC class I-specific alleles. Moreover, sarcoidosis and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease are associated with MHC class II-specific alleles. These correlations can help immunogenetically classify the immune pathway involved in each form of non-infectious uveitis. Genetic studies, including recent genome-wide association studies, have identified several susceptibility genes apart from those in the MHC region. These genetic findings help define the common or specific pathogenesis of ocular inflammatory diseases by comparing the susceptibility genes of each form of non-infectious uveitis. Interestingly, genome-wide association of the interleukin (IL)23R region has been identified in many of the major forms of non-infectious uveitis, such as Behçet’s disease, ocular sarcoidosis, VKH disease, and AAU. The interleukin-23 (IL-23) receptor, encoded by IL23R, is expressed on the cell surface of Th17 cells. IL-23 is involved in the homeostasis of Th17 cells and the production of IL-17, which is an inflammatory cytokine, indicating that a Th17 immune response is a common key in the pathogenesis of non-infectious uveitis. Based on the findings from the immunogenetics of non-infectious uveitis, a personalized treatment approach based on the patient’s genetic make-up is expected. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-04-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8072111/ /pubmed/33912164 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.640473 Text en Copyright © 2021 Takeuchi, Mizuki and Ohno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Takeuchi, Masaki
Mizuki, Nobuhisa
Ohno, Shigeaki
Pathogenesis of Non-Infectious Uveitis Elucidated by Recent Genetic Findings
title Pathogenesis of Non-Infectious Uveitis Elucidated by Recent Genetic Findings
title_full Pathogenesis of Non-Infectious Uveitis Elucidated by Recent Genetic Findings
title_fullStr Pathogenesis of Non-Infectious Uveitis Elucidated by Recent Genetic Findings
title_full_unstemmed Pathogenesis of Non-Infectious Uveitis Elucidated by Recent Genetic Findings
title_short Pathogenesis of Non-Infectious Uveitis Elucidated by Recent Genetic Findings
title_sort pathogenesis of non-infectious uveitis elucidated by recent genetic findings
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8072111/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33912164
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.640473
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