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Eunuchs or Females? Causes and Consequences of Gynodioecy on Morphology, Ploidy, and Ecology of Stellaria graminea L. (Caryophyllaceae)

Plant speciation results from intricate processes such as polyploidization, reproductive strategy shifts and adaptation. These evolutionary processes often co-occur, blurring their respective contributions and interactions in the speciation continuum. Here, relying on a large-scale study, we tested...

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Autores principales: Kučera, Jaromír, Svitok, Marek, Gbúrová Štubňová, Eliška, Mártonfiová, Lenka, Lafon Placette, Clément, Slovák, Marek
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8072285/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33912199
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.589093
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author Kučera, Jaromír
Svitok, Marek
Gbúrová Štubňová, Eliška
Mártonfiová, Lenka
Lafon Placette, Clément
Slovák, Marek
author_facet Kučera, Jaromír
Svitok, Marek
Gbúrová Štubňová, Eliška
Mártonfiová, Lenka
Lafon Placette, Clément
Slovák, Marek
author_sort Kučera, Jaromír
collection PubMed
description Plant speciation results from intricate processes such as polyploidization, reproductive strategy shifts and adaptation. These evolutionary processes often co-occur, blurring their respective contributions and interactions in the speciation continuum. Here, relying on a large-scale study, we tested whether gynodioecy triggers the divergent evolution of flower morphology and genome between sexes, and contributes to the establishment of polyploids and colonization of ecological niches in Stellaria graminea. We found that gynodioecy in S. graminea leads to flower morphology divergence between females and hermaphrodites, likely due to sexual selection. Contrary to our expectations, gynodioecy occurs evenly in diploids and tetraploids, suggesting that this reproductive strategy was not involved in the establishment of polyploids. Both diploid and tetraploid females have a larger genome size than hermaphrodites, suggesting the presence of sex chromosomes. Finally, ecology differs between cytotypes and to a lesser extent between sexes, suggesting that the link between environment and presence of females is indirect and likely explained by other aspects of the species’ life history. Our study shows that gynodioecy leads to the consistent evolution of sexual traits across a wide range of populations, cytotypes and environments within a given species, and this likely contributes to the phenotypic and genetic distinctiveness of the species from its sister clades.
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spelling pubmed-80722852021-04-27 Eunuchs or Females? Causes and Consequences of Gynodioecy on Morphology, Ploidy, and Ecology of Stellaria graminea L. (Caryophyllaceae) Kučera, Jaromír Svitok, Marek Gbúrová Štubňová, Eliška Mártonfiová, Lenka Lafon Placette, Clément Slovák, Marek Front Plant Sci Plant Science Plant speciation results from intricate processes such as polyploidization, reproductive strategy shifts and adaptation. These evolutionary processes often co-occur, blurring their respective contributions and interactions in the speciation continuum. Here, relying on a large-scale study, we tested whether gynodioecy triggers the divergent evolution of flower morphology and genome between sexes, and contributes to the establishment of polyploids and colonization of ecological niches in Stellaria graminea. We found that gynodioecy in S. graminea leads to flower morphology divergence between females and hermaphrodites, likely due to sexual selection. Contrary to our expectations, gynodioecy occurs evenly in diploids and tetraploids, suggesting that this reproductive strategy was not involved in the establishment of polyploids. Both diploid and tetraploid females have a larger genome size than hermaphrodites, suggesting the presence of sex chromosomes. Finally, ecology differs between cytotypes and to a lesser extent between sexes, suggesting that the link between environment and presence of females is indirect and likely explained by other aspects of the species’ life history. Our study shows that gynodioecy leads to the consistent evolution of sexual traits across a wide range of populations, cytotypes and environments within a given species, and this likely contributes to the phenotypic and genetic distinctiveness of the species from its sister clades. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-04-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8072285/ /pubmed/33912199 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.589093 Text en Copyright © 2021 Kučera, Svitok, Gbúrová Štubňová, Mártonfiová, Lafon Placette and Slovák. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Kučera, Jaromír
Svitok, Marek
Gbúrová Štubňová, Eliška
Mártonfiová, Lenka
Lafon Placette, Clément
Slovák, Marek
Eunuchs or Females? Causes and Consequences of Gynodioecy on Morphology, Ploidy, and Ecology of Stellaria graminea L. (Caryophyllaceae)
title Eunuchs or Females? Causes and Consequences of Gynodioecy on Morphology, Ploidy, and Ecology of Stellaria graminea L. (Caryophyllaceae)
title_full Eunuchs or Females? Causes and Consequences of Gynodioecy on Morphology, Ploidy, and Ecology of Stellaria graminea L. (Caryophyllaceae)
title_fullStr Eunuchs or Females? Causes and Consequences of Gynodioecy on Morphology, Ploidy, and Ecology of Stellaria graminea L. (Caryophyllaceae)
title_full_unstemmed Eunuchs or Females? Causes and Consequences of Gynodioecy on Morphology, Ploidy, and Ecology of Stellaria graminea L. (Caryophyllaceae)
title_short Eunuchs or Females? Causes and Consequences of Gynodioecy on Morphology, Ploidy, and Ecology of Stellaria graminea L. (Caryophyllaceae)
title_sort eunuchs or females? causes and consequences of gynodioecy on morphology, ploidy, and ecology of stellaria graminea l. (caryophyllaceae)
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8072285/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33912199
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.589093
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