Clinical pharmacist interventions in elderly patients with mental disorders in primary care focused on psychotropics: a retrospective pre–post observational study

BACKGROUND: Mental disorders pose a significant clinical burden and affect approximately one-third of older adults. Although studies have shown positive impacts of clinical pharmacist (CP) interventions within the general population, the long-term effects of such cooperation on geropsychiatric patients in primary care settings are not yet known. This study evaluated whether CP interventions have a long-term impact on the quality of medication prescribing in geropsychiatric patients. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective non-interventional observational pre–post study for the 2015–2017 period, involving patients aged 65 or above for whom a medication review was provided by a CP. The study included participants with mental disorders treated with polypharmacy, including at least one psychotropic. Potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in elderly patients were determined with the Priscus list, and potential type X drug–drug interactions (pXDDIs) with Lexicomp®. Up-to-date treatment guidelines were used to evaluate patient pharmacotherapy, and patient medication was evaluated before the initial medication review and again 6 months later. RESULTS: The study included 48 patients (79.4 years, SD = 8.13) receiving a total of 558 medications (155 for the treatment of mental disorders). The number of medications decreased by 9.5% after the medication review. The CP proposed 198 interventions related to psychotropics, of which 108 (55%) were accepted by the general practitioners. All accepted (99.1%) interventions except one were still maintained 6 months after the interventions had been proposed. They led to a significant decrease in the total number of medications, PIMs, and pXDDIs (p < 0.05), and improved treatment guidelines adherence. CONCLUSIONS: CP interventions decreased the number of medications, PIMs, and pXDDIs, and almost all interventions were maintained 6 months later. These results provide evidence for the positive effects of CP interventions in a primary care setting. Additional research with a larger sample size and a randomized study design is needed.