Differential miRNA Expression Profiling Reveals Correlation of miR125b-5p with Persistent Infection of Japanese Encephalitis Virus

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play versatile roles in multiple biological processes. However, little is known about miRNA’s involvement in flavivirus persistent infection. Here, we used an miRNA array analysis of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV)-infected cells to search for persistent infection-associated miRNAs in comparison to acute infection. Among all differentially expressed miRNAs, the miR-125b-5p is the most significantly increased one. The high level of miR-125b-5p in persistently JEV-infected cells was confirmed by Northern analysis and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. As soon as the cells established a persistent infection, a significantly high expression of miR-125b-5p was readily observed. Transfecting excess quantities of a miR-125b-5p mimic into acutely infected cells reduced genome replication and virus titers. Host targets of miR125b-5p were analyzed by target prediction algorithms, and six candidates were confirmed by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. These genes were upregulated in the acutely infected cells and sharply declined in the persistently infected cells. The transfection of the miR125b-5p mimic reduced the expression levels of Stat3, Map2k7, and Triap1. Our studies indicated that miR-125b-5p targets both viral and host sequences, suggesting its role in coordinating viral replication and host antiviral responses. This is the first report to characterize the potential roles of miR-125b-5p in persistent JEV infections.