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Conquering the Nuclear Envelope Barriers by EBV Lytic Replication
The nuclear envelope (NE) of eukaryotic cells has a highly structural architecture, comprising double lipid-bilayer membranes, nuclear pore complexes, and an underlying nuclear lamina network. The NE structure is held in place through the membrane-bound LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleto...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8073350/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33919628 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13040702 |
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author | Lee, Chung-Pei Chen, Mei-Ru |
author_facet | Lee, Chung-Pei Chen, Mei-Ru |
author_sort | Lee, Chung-Pei |
collection | PubMed |
description | The nuclear envelope (NE) of eukaryotic cells has a highly structural architecture, comprising double lipid-bilayer membranes, nuclear pore complexes, and an underlying nuclear lamina network. The NE structure is held in place through the membrane-bound LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex, spanning the inner and outer nuclear membranes. The NE functions as a barrier between the nucleus and cytoplasm and as a transverse scaffold for various cellular processes. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a human pathogen that infects most of the world’s population and is associated with several well-known malignancies. Within the nucleus, the replicated viral DNA is packaged into capsids, which subsequently egress from the nucleus into the cytoplasm for tegumentation and final envelopment. There is increasing evidence that viral lytic gene expression or replication contributes to the pathogenesis of EBV. Various EBV lytic proteins regulate and modulate the nuclear envelope structure in different ways, especially the viral BGLF4 kinase and the nuclear egress complex BFRF1/BFRF2. From the aspects of nuclear membrane structure, viral components, and fundamental nucleocytoplasmic transport controls, this review summarizes our findings and recently updated information on NE structure modification and NE-related cellular processes mediated by EBV. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8073350 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80733502021-04-27 Conquering the Nuclear Envelope Barriers by EBV Lytic Replication Lee, Chung-Pei Chen, Mei-Ru Viruses Review The nuclear envelope (NE) of eukaryotic cells has a highly structural architecture, comprising double lipid-bilayer membranes, nuclear pore complexes, and an underlying nuclear lamina network. The NE structure is held in place through the membrane-bound LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex, spanning the inner and outer nuclear membranes. The NE functions as a barrier between the nucleus and cytoplasm and as a transverse scaffold for various cellular processes. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a human pathogen that infects most of the world’s population and is associated with several well-known malignancies. Within the nucleus, the replicated viral DNA is packaged into capsids, which subsequently egress from the nucleus into the cytoplasm for tegumentation and final envelopment. There is increasing evidence that viral lytic gene expression or replication contributes to the pathogenesis of EBV. Various EBV lytic proteins regulate and modulate the nuclear envelope structure in different ways, especially the viral BGLF4 kinase and the nuclear egress complex BFRF1/BFRF2. From the aspects of nuclear membrane structure, viral components, and fundamental nucleocytoplasmic transport controls, this review summarizes our findings and recently updated information on NE structure modification and NE-related cellular processes mediated by EBV. MDPI 2021-04-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8073350/ /pubmed/33919628 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13040702 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Lee, Chung-Pei Chen, Mei-Ru Conquering the Nuclear Envelope Barriers by EBV Lytic Replication |
title | Conquering the Nuclear Envelope Barriers by EBV Lytic Replication |
title_full | Conquering the Nuclear Envelope Barriers by EBV Lytic Replication |
title_fullStr | Conquering the Nuclear Envelope Barriers by EBV Lytic Replication |
title_full_unstemmed | Conquering the Nuclear Envelope Barriers by EBV Lytic Replication |
title_short | Conquering the Nuclear Envelope Barriers by EBV Lytic Replication |
title_sort | conquering the nuclear envelope barriers by ebv lytic replication |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8073350/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33919628 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13040702 |
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