Cargando…
Optimization of Bokashi-Composting Process Using Effective Microorganisms-1 in Smart Composting Bin
Malaysians generate 15,000 tons of food waste per day and dispose of it in the landfill, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. As a solution for the stated problem, this research aims to produce an excellent quality bokashi compost from household organic waste using a smart composting bin. The b...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8073414/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33919490 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21082847 |
_version_ | 1783684124673835008 |
---|---|
author | Lew, Pei Sze Nik Ibrahim, Nik Nor Liyana Kamarudin, Suryani Thamrin, Norashikin M. Misnan, Mohamad Farid |
author_facet | Lew, Pei Sze Nik Ibrahim, Nik Nor Liyana Kamarudin, Suryani Thamrin, Norashikin M. Misnan, Mohamad Farid |
author_sort | Lew, Pei Sze |
collection | PubMed |
description | Malaysians generate 15,000 tons of food waste per day and dispose of it in the landfill, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. As a solution for the stated problem, this research aims to produce an excellent quality bokashi compost from household organic waste using a smart composting bin. The bokashi composting method is conducted, whereby banana peels are composted with three types of bokashi brans prepared using 12, 22, and 32 mL of EM-1 mother cultured. During the 14 days composting process, the smart composting bin collected the temperature, air humidity, and moisture content produced by the bokashi-composting process. With the ATmega328 microcontroller, these data were uploaded and synchronized to Google Sheet via WIFI. After the bokashi-composting process was completed, three of each bokashi compost and a control sample were buried in separate black soil for three weeks to determine each compost’s effectiveness. NPK values and the C/N ratio were analyzed on the soil compost. From the research, 12 mL of EM-1 shows the most effective ratio to the bokashi composting, as it resulted in a faster decomposition rate and has an optimum C/N ratio. Bokashi composting can help to reduce household food wastes. An optimum amount of the EM-1 used during the bokashi-composting process will produce good quality soil without contributing to environmental issues. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8073414 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80734142021-04-27 Optimization of Bokashi-Composting Process Using Effective Microorganisms-1 in Smart Composting Bin Lew, Pei Sze Nik Ibrahim, Nik Nor Liyana Kamarudin, Suryani Thamrin, Norashikin M. Misnan, Mohamad Farid Sensors (Basel) Article Malaysians generate 15,000 tons of food waste per day and dispose of it in the landfill, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. As a solution for the stated problem, this research aims to produce an excellent quality bokashi compost from household organic waste using a smart composting bin. The bokashi composting method is conducted, whereby banana peels are composted with three types of bokashi brans prepared using 12, 22, and 32 mL of EM-1 mother cultured. During the 14 days composting process, the smart composting bin collected the temperature, air humidity, and moisture content produced by the bokashi-composting process. With the ATmega328 microcontroller, these data were uploaded and synchronized to Google Sheet via WIFI. After the bokashi-composting process was completed, three of each bokashi compost and a control sample were buried in separate black soil for three weeks to determine each compost’s effectiveness. NPK values and the C/N ratio were analyzed on the soil compost. From the research, 12 mL of EM-1 shows the most effective ratio to the bokashi composting, as it resulted in a faster decomposition rate and has an optimum C/N ratio. Bokashi composting can help to reduce household food wastes. An optimum amount of the EM-1 used during the bokashi-composting process will produce good quality soil without contributing to environmental issues. MDPI 2021-04-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8073414/ /pubmed/33919490 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21082847 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ). |
spellingShingle | Article Lew, Pei Sze Nik Ibrahim, Nik Nor Liyana Kamarudin, Suryani Thamrin, Norashikin M. Misnan, Mohamad Farid Optimization of Bokashi-Composting Process Using Effective Microorganisms-1 in Smart Composting Bin |
title | Optimization of Bokashi-Composting Process Using Effective Microorganisms-1 in Smart Composting Bin |
title_full | Optimization of Bokashi-Composting Process Using Effective Microorganisms-1 in Smart Composting Bin |
title_fullStr | Optimization of Bokashi-Composting Process Using Effective Microorganisms-1 in Smart Composting Bin |
title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of Bokashi-Composting Process Using Effective Microorganisms-1 in Smart Composting Bin |
title_short | Optimization of Bokashi-Composting Process Using Effective Microorganisms-1 in Smart Composting Bin |
title_sort | optimization of bokashi-composting process using effective microorganisms-1 in smart composting bin |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8073414/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33919490 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21082847 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT lewpeisze optimizationofbokashicompostingprocessusingeffectivemicroorganisms1insmartcompostingbin AT nikibrahimniknorliyana optimizationofbokashicompostingprocessusingeffectivemicroorganisms1insmartcompostingbin AT kamarudinsuryani optimizationofbokashicompostingprocessusingeffectivemicroorganisms1insmartcompostingbin AT thamrinnorashikinm optimizationofbokashicompostingprocessusingeffectivemicroorganisms1insmartcompostingbin AT misnanmohamadfarid optimizationofbokashicompostingprocessusingeffectivemicroorganisms1insmartcompostingbin |