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The Expression Regulation and Biological Function of Autotaxin
Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted glycoprotein and functions as a key enzyme to produce extracellular lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). LPA interacts with at least six G protein-coupled receptors, LPAR1-6, on the cell membrane to activate various signal transduction pathways through distinct G proteins, such...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8073485/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33921676 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10040939 |
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author | Zhang, Xiaotian Li, Mengmiao Yin, Nan Zhang, Junjie |
author_facet | Zhang, Xiaotian Li, Mengmiao Yin, Nan Zhang, Junjie |
author_sort | Zhang, Xiaotian |
collection | PubMed |
description | Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted glycoprotein and functions as a key enzyme to produce extracellular lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). LPA interacts with at least six G protein-coupled receptors, LPAR1-6, on the cell membrane to activate various signal transduction pathways through distinct G proteins, such as Gi/0, G12/13, Gq/11, and Gs. The ATX-LPA axis plays an important role in physiological and pathological processes, including embryogenesis, obesity, and inflammation. ATX is one of the top 40 most unregulated genes in metastatic cancer, and the ATX-LPA axis is involved in the development of different types of cancers, such as colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and glioblastoma. ATX expression is under multifaceted controls at the transcription, post-transcription, and secretion levels. ATX and LPA in the tumor microenvironment not only promote cell proliferation, migration, and survival, but also increase the expression of inflammation-related circuits, which results in poor outcomes for patients with cancer. Currently, ATX is regarded as a potential cancer therapeutic target, and an increasing number of ATX inhibitors have been developed. In this review, we focus on the mechanism of ATX expression regulation and the functions of ATX in cancer development. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8073485 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80734852021-04-27 The Expression Regulation and Biological Function of Autotaxin Zhang, Xiaotian Li, Mengmiao Yin, Nan Zhang, Junjie Cells Review Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted glycoprotein and functions as a key enzyme to produce extracellular lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). LPA interacts with at least six G protein-coupled receptors, LPAR1-6, on the cell membrane to activate various signal transduction pathways through distinct G proteins, such as Gi/0, G12/13, Gq/11, and Gs. The ATX-LPA axis plays an important role in physiological and pathological processes, including embryogenesis, obesity, and inflammation. ATX is one of the top 40 most unregulated genes in metastatic cancer, and the ATX-LPA axis is involved in the development of different types of cancers, such as colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and glioblastoma. ATX expression is under multifaceted controls at the transcription, post-transcription, and secretion levels. ATX and LPA in the tumor microenvironment not only promote cell proliferation, migration, and survival, but also increase the expression of inflammation-related circuits, which results in poor outcomes for patients with cancer. Currently, ATX is regarded as a potential cancer therapeutic target, and an increasing number of ATX inhibitors have been developed. In this review, we focus on the mechanism of ATX expression regulation and the functions of ATX in cancer development. MDPI 2021-04-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8073485/ /pubmed/33921676 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10040939 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Zhang, Xiaotian Li, Mengmiao Yin, Nan Zhang, Junjie The Expression Regulation and Biological Function of Autotaxin |
title | The Expression Regulation and Biological Function of Autotaxin |
title_full | The Expression Regulation and Biological Function of Autotaxin |
title_fullStr | The Expression Regulation and Biological Function of Autotaxin |
title_full_unstemmed | The Expression Regulation and Biological Function of Autotaxin |
title_short | The Expression Regulation and Biological Function of Autotaxin |
title_sort | expression regulation and biological function of autotaxin |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8073485/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33921676 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10040939 |
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