Association of Polymorphic and Haplotype Variants of the MSX1 Gene and the Impacted Teeth Phenomenon

It is known that genetic factors determine odontogenesis; furthermore, studies have revealed that various genes in humans can regulate the development of different types and generations of teeth. In this study it has been assumed that tooth impaction—at least to some extent—also depends on the presence of specific genetic markers, especially allelic variants of the MSX1 gene. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the suitability of selected molecular markers located within the MSX1 gene for the determination of the risk of tooth impaction in particular patients. The study participants were divided into two groups: (1) the study group—at least one secondary tooth was impacted in the jaws; (2) the control group—no impacted tooth in the jaws. Real-Time PCR and TaqMan probes were used to detect selected polymorphisms in the analyzed genes. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms of MSX1 were analyzed. After the two subgroups of patients were distinguished in the study group based on the number of impacted teeth, statistically significant differences in the frequency of genotypes described for rs12532 in the MSX1 gene were found.