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Comparison of Serological Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies

SARS-CoV-2 virus was first detected in late 2019 and circulated globally, causing COVID-19, which is characterised by sub-clinical to severe disease in humans. Here, we investigate the serological antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection during acute and convalescent infection using a cohort of (i...

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Autores principales: James, Joe, Rhodes, Shelley, Ross, Craig S., Skinner, Paul, Smith, Samuel P., Shipley, Rebecca, Warren, Caroline J., Goharriz, Hooman, McElhinney, Lorraine M., Temperton, Nigel, Wright, Edward, Fooks, Anthony R., Clark, Tristan W., Brookes, Sharon M., Brown, Ian H., Banyard, Ashley C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8074400/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33924168
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13040713
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author James, Joe
Rhodes, Shelley
Ross, Craig S.
Skinner, Paul
Smith, Samuel P.
Shipley, Rebecca
Warren, Caroline J.
Goharriz, Hooman
McElhinney, Lorraine M.
Temperton, Nigel
Wright, Edward
Fooks, Anthony R.
Clark, Tristan W.
Brookes, Sharon M.
Brown, Ian H.
Banyard, Ashley C.
author_facet James, Joe
Rhodes, Shelley
Ross, Craig S.
Skinner, Paul
Smith, Samuel P.
Shipley, Rebecca
Warren, Caroline J.
Goharriz, Hooman
McElhinney, Lorraine M.
Temperton, Nigel
Wright, Edward
Fooks, Anthony R.
Clark, Tristan W.
Brookes, Sharon M.
Brown, Ian H.
Banyard, Ashley C.
author_sort James, Joe
collection PubMed
description SARS-CoV-2 virus was first detected in late 2019 and circulated globally, causing COVID-19, which is characterised by sub-clinical to severe disease in humans. Here, we investigate the serological antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection during acute and convalescent infection using a cohort of (i) COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital, (ii) healthy individuals who had experienced ‘COVID-19 like-illness’, and (iii) a cohort of healthy individuals prior to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2. We compare SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody detection rates from four different serological methods, virus neutralisation test (VNT), ID Screen(®) SARS-CoV-2-N IgG ELISA, Whole Antigen ELISA, and lentivirus-based SARS-CoV-2 pseudotype virus neutralisation tests (pVNT). All methods were able to detect prior infection with COVID-19, albeit with different relative sensitivities. The VNT and SARS-CoV-2-N ELISA methods showed a strong correlation yet provided increased detection rates when used in combination. A pVNT correlated strongly with SARS-CoV-2 VNT and was able to effectively discriminate SARS-CoV-2 antibody positive and negative serum with the same efficiency as the VNT. Moreover, the pVNT was performed with the same level of discrimination across multiple separate institutions. Therefore, the pVNT is a sensitive, specific, and reproducible lower biosafety level alternative to VNT for detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies for diagnostic and research applications. Our data illustrate the potential utility of applying VNT or pVNT and ELISA antibody tests in parallel to enhance the sensitivity of exposure to infection.
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spelling pubmed-80744002021-04-27 Comparison of Serological Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies James, Joe Rhodes, Shelley Ross, Craig S. Skinner, Paul Smith, Samuel P. Shipley, Rebecca Warren, Caroline J. Goharriz, Hooman McElhinney, Lorraine M. Temperton, Nigel Wright, Edward Fooks, Anthony R. Clark, Tristan W. Brookes, Sharon M. Brown, Ian H. Banyard, Ashley C. Viruses Article SARS-CoV-2 virus was first detected in late 2019 and circulated globally, causing COVID-19, which is characterised by sub-clinical to severe disease in humans. Here, we investigate the serological antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection during acute and convalescent infection using a cohort of (i) COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital, (ii) healthy individuals who had experienced ‘COVID-19 like-illness’, and (iii) a cohort of healthy individuals prior to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2. We compare SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody detection rates from four different serological methods, virus neutralisation test (VNT), ID Screen(®) SARS-CoV-2-N IgG ELISA, Whole Antigen ELISA, and lentivirus-based SARS-CoV-2 pseudotype virus neutralisation tests (pVNT). All methods were able to detect prior infection with COVID-19, albeit with different relative sensitivities. The VNT and SARS-CoV-2-N ELISA methods showed a strong correlation yet provided increased detection rates when used in combination. A pVNT correlated strongly with SARS-CoV-2 VNT and was able to effectively discriminate SARS-CoV-2 antibody positive and negative serum with the same efficiency as the VNT. Moreover, the pVNT was performed with the same level of discrimination across multiple separate institutions. Therefore, the pVNT is a sensitive, specific, and reproducible lower biosafety level alternative to VNT for detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies for diagnostic and research applications. Our data illustrate the potential utility of applying VNT or pVNT and ELISA antibody tests in parallel to enhance the sensitivity of exposure to infection. MDPI 2021-04-20 /pmc/articles/PMC8074400/ /pubmed/33924168 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13040713 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
James, Joe
Rhodes, Shelley
Ross, Craig S.
Skinner, Paul
Smith, Samuel P.
Shipley, Rebecca
Warren, Caroline J.
Goharriz, Hooman
McElhinney, Lorraine M.
Temperton, Nigel
Wright, Edward
Fooks, Anthony R.
Clark, Tristan W.
Brookes, Sharon M.
Brown, Ian H.
Banyard, Ashley C.
Comparison of Serological Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies
title Comparison of Serological Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies
title_full Comparison of Serological Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies
title_fullStr Comparison of Serological Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of Serological Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies
title_short Comparison of Serological Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies
title_sort comparison of serological assays for the detection of sars-cov-2 antibodies
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8074400/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33924168
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13040713
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