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Development, Characterization and Stability Evaluation of Topical Gel Loaded With Ethosomes Containing Achillea millefolium L. Extract
Background: Delivering plant extract at high loading with intact antioxidants and efficient skin permeation always remains a challenge. To address this, we prepared a stable gel formulation containing nanoethosomes loaded with Achillea millefolium L. (AM) extract for topical drug delivery. Method: T...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8074965/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33912036 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.603227 |
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author | Andleeb, Mehwish Shoaib Khan, Haij Muhammad Daniyal, Muhammad |
author_facet | Andleeb, Mehwish Shoaib Khan, Haij Muhammad Daniyal, Muhammad |
author_sort | Andleeb, Mehwish |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Delivering plant extract at high loading with intact antioxidants and efficient skin permeation always remains a challenge. To address this, we prepared a stable gel formulation containing nanoethosomes loaded with Achillea millefolium L. (AM) extract for topical drug delivery. Method: The AM extract was tested at first for phytochemical analysis, antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content, and FTIR examination. The nanoethosomes containing AM extract were synthesized and characterized by size, surface charge, and morphology, and entrapment efficiency (EE) was determined. The optimized nanoethosomes were then incorporated to develop a topical gel formulation and subjected to skin for permeation, pH, viscosity, and organoleptic evaluation for up to three months. Results: The AM ethanolic extract demonstrated 88% free radical scavenging activity and notable phenolic and flavonoid contents of up to 123 mg GAE/g and 42 mg QE/g, respectively. The optimized nanoethosomes encapsulated with AM extract (240 nm) were spherical in shape, with −31.1 mV of surface charge, and showed considerable entrapment efficiency (90%). Furthermore, the selected topical gel remained stable during the study period. The Exvivo permeation study of ethosomal gel showed the highest release percentage of 79.8%. Conclusion: The study concludes that topical gel loaded with nanoethosomes containing AM extract is an encouraging approach for topical drug delivery. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8074965 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80749652021-04-27 Development, Characterization and Stability Evaluation of Topical Gel Loaded With Ethosomes Containing Achillea millefolium L. Extract Andleeb, Mehwish Shoaib Khan, Haij Muhammad Daniyal, Muhammad Front Pharmacol Pharmacology Background: Delivering plant extract at high loading with intact antioxidants and efficient skin permeation always remains a challenge. To address this, we prepared a stable gel formulation containing nanoethosomes loaded with Achillea millefolium L. (AM) extract for topical drug delivery. Method: The AM extract was tested at first for phytochemical analysis, antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content, and FTIR examination. The nanoethosomes containing AM extract were synthesized and characterized by size, surface charge, and morphology, and entrapment efficiency (EE) was determined. The optimized nanoethosomes were then incorporated to develop a topical gel formulation and subjected to skin for permeation, pH, viscosity, and organoleptic evaluation for up to three months. Results: The AM ethanolic extract demonstrated 88% free radical scavenging activity and notable phenolic and flavonoid contents of up to 123 mg GAE/g and 42 mg QE/g, respectively. The optimized nanoethosomes encapsulated with AM extract (240 nm) were spherical in shape, with −31.1 mV of surface charge, and showed considerable entrapment efficiency (90%). Furthermore, the selected topical gel remained stable during the study period. The Exvivo permeation study of ethosomal gel showed the highest release percentage of 79.8%. Conclusion: The study concludes that topical gel loaded with nanoethosomes containing AM extract is an encouraging approach for topical drug delivery. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-04-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8074965/ /pubmed/33912036 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.603227 Text en Copyright © 2021 Andleeb, Shoaib Khan and Daniyal. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Pharmacology Andleeb, Mehwish Shoaib Khan, Haij Muhammad Daniyal, Muhammad Development, Characterization and Stability Evaluation of Topical Gel Loaded With Ethosomes Containing Achillea millefolium L. Extract |
title | Development, Characterization and Stability Evaluation of Topical Gel Loaded With Ethosomes Containing Achillea millefolium L. Extract |
title_full | Development, Characterization and Stability Evaluation of Topical Gel Loaded With Ethosomes Containing Achillea millefolium L. Extract |
title_fullStr | Development, Characterization and Stability Evaluation of Topical Gel Loaded With Ethosomes Containing Achillea millefolium L. Extract |
title_full_unstemmed | Development, Characterization and Stability Evaluation of Topical Gel Loaded With Ethosomes Containing Achillea millefolium L. Extract |
title_short | Development, Characterization and Stability Evaluation of Topical Gel Loaded With Ethosomes Containing Achillea millefolium L. Extract |
title_sort | development, characterization and stability evaluation of topical gel loaded with ethosomes containing achillea millefolium l. extract |
topic | Pharmacology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8074965/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33912036 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.603227 |
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