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Transmission of Cryptosporidium Species Among Human and Animal Local Contact Networks in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Multicountry Study
BACKGROUND: Cryptosporidiosis has been identified as one of the major causes of diarrhea and diarrhea-associated deaths in young children in sub-Saharan Africa. This study traces back Cryptosporidium-positive children to their human and animal contacts to identify transmission networks. METHODS: Sto...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8075035/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32150243 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa223 |
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author | Krumkamp, Ralf Aldrich, Cassandra Maiga-Ascofare, Oumou Mbwana, Joyce Rakotozandrindrainy, Njari Borrmann, Steffen Caccio, Simone M Rakotozandrindrainy, Raphael Adegnika, Ayola Akim Lusingu, John P A Amuasi, John May, Jürgen Eibach, Daniel |
author_facet | Krumkamp, Ralf Aldrich, Cassandra Maiga-Ascofare, Oumou Mbwana, Joyce Rakotozandrindrainy, Njari Borrmann, Steffen Caccio, Simone M Rakotozandrindrainy, Raphael Adegnika, Ayola Akim Lusingu, John P A Amuasi, John May, Jürgen Eibach, Daniel |
author_sort | Krumkamp, Ralf |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Cryptosporidiosis has been identified as one of the major causes of diarrhea and diarrhea-associated deaths in young children in sub-Saharan Africa. This study traces back Cryptosporidium-positive children to their human and animal contacts to identify transmission networks. METHODS: Stool samples were collected from children < 5 years of age with diarrhea in Gabon, Ghana, Madagascar, and Tanzania. Cryptosporidium-positive and -negative initial cases (ICs) were followed to the community, where stool samples from households, neighbors, and animal contacts were obtained. Samples were screened for Cryptosporidium species by immunochromatographic tests and by sequencing the 18S ribosomal RNA gene and further subtyped at the 60 kDa glycoprotein gene (gp60). Transmission clusters were identified and risk ratios (RRs) calculated. RESULTS: Among 1363 pediatric ICs, 184 (13%) were diagnosed with Cryptosporidium species. One hundred eight contact networks were sampled from Cryptosporidium-positive and 68 from negative ICs. Identical gp60 subtypes were detected among 2 or more contacts in 39 (36%) of the networks from positive ICs and in 1 contact (1%) from negative ICs. In comparison to Cryptosporidium-negative ICs, positive ICs had an increased risk of having Cryptosporidium-positive household members (RR, 3.6 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.7–7.5]) or positive neighboring children (RR, 2.9 [95% CI, 1.6–5.1]), but no increased risk of having positive animals (RR, 1.2 [95% CI, .8–1.9]) in their contact network. CONCLUSIONS: Cryptosporidiosis in rural sub-Saharan Africa is characterized by infection clusters among human contacts, to which zoonotic transmission appears to contribute only marginally. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8075035 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80750352021-04-29 Transmission of Cryptosporidium Species Among Human and Animal Local Contact Networks in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Multicountry Study Krumkamp, Ralf Aldrich, Cassandra Maiga-Ascofare, Oumou Mbwana, Joyce Rakotozandrindrainy, Njari Borrmann, Steffen Caccio, Simone M Rakotozandrindrainy, Raphael Adegnika, Ayola Akim Lusingu, John P A Amuasi, John May, Jürgen Eibach, Daniel Clin Infect Dis Major Articles and Commentaries BACKGROUND: Cryptosporidiosis has been identified as one of the major causes of diarrhea and diarrhea-associated deaths in young children in sub-Saharan Africa. This study traces back Cryptosporidium-positive children to their human and animal contacts to identify transmission networks. METHODS: Stool samples were collected from children < 5 years of age with diarrhea in Gabon, Ghana, Madagascar, and Tanzania. Cryptosporidium-positive and -negative initial cases (ICs) were followed to the community, where stool samples from households, neighbors, and animal contacts were obtained. Samples were screened for Cryptosporidium species by immunochromatographic tests and by sequencing the 18S ribosomal RNA gene and further subtyped at the 60 kDa glycoprotein gene (gp60). Transmission clusters were identified and risk ratios (RRs) calculated. RESULTS: Among 1363 pediatric ICs, 184 (13%) were diagnosed with Cryptosporidium species. One hundred eight contact networks were sampled from Cryptosporidium-positive and 68 from negative ICs. Identical gp60 subtypes were detected among 2 or more contacts in 39 (36%) of the networks from positive ICs and in 1 contact (1%) from negative ICs. In comparison to Cryptosporidium-negative ICs, positive ICs had an increased risk of having Cryptosporidium-positive household members (RR, 3.6 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.7–7.5]) or positive neighboring children (RR, 2.9 [95% CI, 1.6–5.1]), but no increased risk of having positive animals (RR, 1.2 [95% CI, .8–1.9]) in their contact network. CONCLUSIONS: Cryptosporidiosis in rural sub-Saharan Africa is characterized by infection clusters among human contacts, to which zoonotic transmission appears to contribute only marginally. Oxford University Press 2020-03-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8075035/ /pubmed/32150243 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa223 Text en © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) ), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com |
spellingShingle | Major Articles and Commentaries Krumkamp, Ralf Aldrich, Cassandra Maiga-Ascofare, Oumou Mbwana, Joyce Rakotozandrindrainy, Njari Borrmann, Steffen Caccio, Simone M Rakotozandrindrainy, Raphael Adegnika, Ayola Akim Lusingu, John P A Amuasi, John May, Jürgen Eibach, Daniel Transmission of Cryptosporidium Species Among Human and Animal Local Contact Networks in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Multicountry Study |
title | Transmission of Cryptosporidium Species Among Human and Animal Local Contact Networks in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Multicountry Study |
title_full | Transmission of Cryptosporidium Species Among Human and Animal Local Contact Networks in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Multicountry Study |
title_fullStr | Transmission of Cryptosporidium Species Among Human and Animal Local Contact Networks in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Multicountry Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Transmission of Cryptosporidium Species Among Human and Animal Local Contact Networks in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Multicountry Study |
title_short | Transmission of Cryptosporidium Species Among Human and Animal Local Contact Networks in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Multicountry Study |
title_sort | transmission of cryptosporidium species among human and animal local contact networks in sub-saharan africa: a multicountry study |
topic | Major Articles and Commentaries |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8075035/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32150243 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa223 |
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