Cargando…

Gender Differences in Adolescent Sleep Disturbance and Treatment Response to Smartphone App–Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: Exploratory Study

BACKGROUND: Insomnia and sleep disturbance are pervasive and debilitating conditions affecting up to 40% of adolescents. Women and girls are at greater risk of insomnia, yet differences in treatment responsiveness between genders have not been adequately investigated. Additionally, while women repor...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Li, Sophie H, Graham, Bronwyn M, Werner-Seidler, Aliza
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: JMIR Publications 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8075040/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33755029
http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/22498
_version_ 1783684471706353664
author Li, Sophie H
Graham, Bronwyn M
Werner-Seidler, Aliza
author_facet Li, Sophie H
Graham, Bronwyn M
Werner-Seidler, Aliza
author_sort Li, Sophie H
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Insomnia and sleep disturbance are pervasive and debilitating conditions affecting up to 40% of adolescents. Women and girls are at greater risk of insomnia, yet differences in treatment responsiveness between genders have not been adequately investigated. Additionally, while women report greater symptom severity and burden of illness than men, this discrepancy requires further examination in adolescents. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in sleep symptom profiles and treatment response in adolescents. METHODS: Digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) treatment responsiveness, as indexed by changes in Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores, was compared in boys and girls (aged 12-16 years; N=49) who participated in a pilot evaluation of the Sleep Ninja smartphone app. Gender differences in self-reported baseline insomnia symptom severity (ISI), sleep quality (PSQI), and sleep characteristics derived from sleep diaries were also examined. RESULTS: Compared with boys, we found that girls reported greater symptom severity (P=.04) and nighttime wakefulness (P=.01 and P=.04) and reduced sleep duration (P=.02) and efficiency (P=.03), but not poorer sleep quality (P=.07), more nighttime awakenings (P=.16), or longer time to get to sleep (P=.21). However, gender differences in symptom severity and sleep duration were accounted for by boys being marginally younger in age. Treatment response to CBT-I was equivalent between boys and girls when comparing reductions in symptom severity (P=.32); there was a trend showing gender differences in improvements in sleep quality, but this was not statistically significant (P=.07). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate the presence of gender differences in insomnia symptoms and severity in adolescents and suggest further research is required to understand gender differences in insomnia symptom profiles to inform the development of gender-specific digital interventions delivered to adolescents.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8075040
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher JMIR Publications
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-80750402021-05-06 Gender Differences in Adolescent Sleep Disturbance and Treatment Response to Smartphone App–Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: Exploratory Study Li, Sophie H Graham, Bronwyn M Werner-Seidler, Aliza JMIR Form Res Original Paper BACKGROUND: Insomnia and sleep disturbance are pervasive and debilitating conditions affecting up to 40% of adolescents. Women and girls are at greater risk of insomnia, yet differences in treatment responsiveness between genders have not been adequately investigated. Additionally, while women report greater symptom severity and burden of illness than men, this discrepancy requires further examination in adolescents. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in sleep symptom profiles and treatment response in adolescents. METHODS: Digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) treatment responsiveness, as indexed by changes in Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores, was compared in boys and girls (aged 12-16 years; N=49) who participated in a pilot evaluation of the Sleep Ninja smartphone app. Gender differences in self-reported baseline insomnia symptom severity (ISI), sleep quality (PSQI), and sleep characteristics derived from sleep diaries were also examined. RESULTS: Compared with boys, we found that girls reported greater symptom severity (P=.04) and nighttime wakefulness (P=.01 and P=.04) and reduced sleep duration (P=.02) and efficiency (P=.03), but not poorer sleep quality (P=.07), more nighttime awakenings (P=.16), or longer time to get to sleep (P=.21). However, gender differences in symptom severity and sleep duration were accounted for by boys being marginally younger in age. Treatment response to CBT-I was equivalent between boys and girls when comparing reductions in symptom severity (P=.32); there was a trend showing gender differences in improvements in sleep quality, but this was not statistically significant (P=.07). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate the presence of gender differences in insomnia symptoms and severity in adolescents and suggest further research is required to understand gender differences in insomnia symptom profiles to inform the development of gender-specific digital interventions delivered to adolescents. JMIR Publications 2021-03-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8075040/ /pubmed/33755029 http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/22498 Text en ©Sophie H Li, Bronwyn M Graham, Aliza Werner-Seidler. Originally published in JMIR Formative Research (http://formative.jmir.org), 23.03.2021. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Formative Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://formative.jmir.org, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.
spellingShingle Original Paper
Li, Sophie H
Graham, Bronwyn M
Werner-Seidler, Aliza
Gender Differences in Adolescent Sleep Disturbance and Treatment Response to Smartphone App–Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: Exploratory Study
title Gender Differences in Adolescent Sleep Disturbance and Treatment Response to Smartphone App–Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: Exploratory Study
title_full Gender Differences in Adolescent Sleep Disturbance and Treatment Response to Smartphone App–Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: Exploratory Study
title_fullStr Gender Differences in Adolescent Sleep Disturbance and Treatment Response to Smartphone App–Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: Exploratory Study
title_full_unstemmed Gender Differences in Adolescent Sleep Disturbance and Treatment Response to Smartphone App–Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: Exploratory Study
title_short Gender Differences in Adolescent Sleep Disturbance and Treatment Response to Smartphone App–Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: Exploratory Study
title_sort gender differences in adolescent sleep disturbance and treatment response to smartphone app–delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: exploratory study
topic Original Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8075040/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33755029
http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/22498
work_keys_str_mv AT lisophieh genderdifferencesinadolescentsleepdisturbanceandtreatmentresponsetosmartphoneappdeliveredcognitivebehavioraltherapyforinsomniaexploratorystudy
AT grahambronwynm genderdifferencesinadolescentsleepdisturbanceandtreatmentresponsetosmartphoneappdeliveredcognitivebehavioraltherapyforinsomniaexploratorystudy
AT wernerseidleraliza genderdifferencesinadolescentsleepdisturbanceandtreatmentresponsetosmartphoneappdeliveredcognitivebehavioraltherapyforinsomniaexploratorystudy