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Micro-size plankton abundance and assemblages in the western North Pacific Subtropical Gyre under microscopic observation
While primary productivity in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) is changing, the micro-size plankton community has not been evaluated in the last 4 decades, prompting a re-evaluation. We collected samples over three years (2016–2018) from depths of 10 to 200 m (n = 127), and the...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8075241/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33901250 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250604 |
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author | Kodama, Taketoshi Watanabe, Tsuyoshi Taniuchi, Yukiko Kuwata, Akira Hasegawa, Daisuke |
author_facet | Kodama, Taketoshi Watanabe, Tsuyoshi Taniuchi, Yukiko Kuwata, Akira Hasegawa, Daisuke |
author_sort | Kodama, Taketoshi |
collection | PubMed |
description | While primary productivity in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) is changing, the micro-size plankton community has not been evaluated in the last 4 decades, prompting a re-evaluation. We collected samples over three years (2016–2018) from depths of 10 to 200 m (n = 127), and the micro-size plankton were identified and counted to understand the heterogeneity of micro-size plankton community structure. The assemblages were consistent to the those of 4 decades ago. Dinophyceae (dinoflagellates) were the most numerically abundant, followed by Cryptophyceae and Bacillariophyceae (diatoms). The other micro-size plankton classes (Cyanophyceae, Haptophyceae, Dictyochophyceae, Euglenophyceae, and Prasinophyceae) were not always detected, whereas only Trichodesmium spp. was counted in the Cyanophyceae. Other unidentified autotrophic and heterotrophic flagellates were also significantly present, and their numeric abundance was higher than or at the same level as was that of the Dinophyceae. In the Dinophyceae, Gymnodiniaceae and Peridiniales were abundant. The chlorophyll a concentration and these class-level assemblages suggested micro-size plankton is not a major primary producer in this area. We applied generalized additive models (GAMs) and principal coordination analyses (PCoAs) to evaluate the habitats of every plankton group and the heterogeneity of the assemblages. The GAMs suggested that every classified plankton abundance showed a similar response to salinity, and we observed differences in habitats in terms of temperature and nitrate concentrations. Based on the PCoAs, we observed unique communities at the 200 m depth layer compared with those at the other sampling layers. The site scores of PCoAs indicated that the micro-size plankton assemblages are most heterogeneous at the 10 m depth layer. At such depth, diazotrophic Cyanophyceae (Trichodesmium spp.) are abundant, particularly in less-saline water. Therefore, nitrogen fixation may contribute to the heterogeneity in the abundance and assemblages in the western NPSG. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8075241 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80752412021-05-05 Micro-size plankton abundance and assemblages in the western North Pacific Subtropical Gyre under microscopic observation Kodama, Taketoshi Watanabe, Tsuyoshi Taniuchi, Yukiko Kuwata, Akira Hasegawa, Daisuke PLoS One Research Article While primary productivity in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) is changing, the micro-size plankton community has not been evaluated in the last 4 decades, prompting a re-evaluation. We collected samples over three years (2016–2018) from depths of 10 to 200 m (n = 127), and the micro-size plankton were identified and counted to understand the heterogeneity of micro-size plankton community structure. The assemblages were consistent to the those of 4 decades ago. Dinophyceae (dinoflagellates) were the most numerically abundant, followed by Cryptophyceae and Bacillariophyceae (diatoms). The other micro-size plankton classes (Cyanophyceae, Haptophyceae, Dictyochophyceae, Euglenophyceae, and Prasinophyceae) were not always detected, whereas only Trichodesmium spp. was counted in the Cyanophyceae. Other unidentified autotrophic and heterotrophic flagellates were also significantly present, and their numeric abundance was higher than or at the same level as was that of the Dinophyceae. In the Dinophyceae, Gymnodiniaceae and Peridiniales were abundant. The chlorophyll a concentration and these class-level assemblages suggested micro-size plankton is not a major primary producer in this area. We applied generalized additive models (GAMs) and principal coordination analyses (PCoAs) to evaluate the habitats of every plankton group and the heterogeneity of the assemblages. The GAMs suggested that every classified plankton abundance showed a similar response to salinity, and we observed differences in habitats in terms of temperature and nitrate concentrations. Based on the PCoAs, we observed unique communities at the 200 m depth layer compared with those at the other sampling layers. The site scores of PCoAs indicated that the micro-size plankton assemblages are most heterogeneous at the 10 m depth layer. At such depth, diazotrophic Cyanophyceae (Trichodesmium spp.) are abundant, particularly in less-saline water. Therefore, nitrogen fixation may contribute to the heterogeneity in the abundance and assemblages in the western NPSG. Public Library of Science 2021-04-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8075241/ /pubmed/33901250 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250604 Text en © 2021 Kodama et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Kodama, Taketoshi Watanabe, Tsuyoshi Taniuchi, Yukiko Kuwata, Akira Hasegawa, Daisuke Micro-size plankton abundance and assemblages in the western North Pacific Subtropical Gyre under microscopic observation |
title | Micro-size plankton abundance and assemblages in the western North Pacific Subtropical Gyre under microscopic observation |
title_full | Micro-size plankton abundance and assemblages in the western North Pacific Subtropical Gyre under microscopic observation |
title_fullStr | Micro-size plankton abundance and assemblages in the western North Pacific Subtropical Gyre under microscopic observation |
title_full_unstemmed | Micro-size plankton abundance and assemblages in the western North Pacific Subtropical Gyre under microscopic observation |
title_short | Micro-size plankton abundance and assemblages in the western North Pacific Subtropical Gyre under microscopic observation |
title_sort | micro-size plankton abundance and assemblages in the western north pacific subtropical gyre under microscopic observation |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8075241/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33901250 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250604 |
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