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Operating status of public toilets in the Hutong neighborhoods of Beijing: An empirical study
The provision of sanitation services for fast-growing urban populations is one of the world's urgent challenges. Hutong neighborhoods in Beijing, capital of China, cannot be rebuilt due to the protection of historical heritage, while residents still need to keep the habit of defecating in publi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Academic Press
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8075803/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33714043 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112252 |
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author | Yan, Rui Cheng, Shikun Chen, Jingang Li, Xiangkai Sharma, Sumit Nazim Uddin, Sayed Mohammad Mang, Heinz-Peter Chen, Cong Li, Zifu Li, Tianxin Wang, Xuemei |
author_facet | Yan, Rui Cheng, Shikun Chen, Jingang Li, Xiangkai Sharma, Sumit Nazim Uddin, Sayed Mohammad Mang, Heinz-Peter Chen, Cong Li, Zifu Li, Tianxin Wang, Xuemei |
author_sort | Yan, Rui |
collection | PubMed |
description | The provision of sanitation services for fast-growing urban populations is one of the world's urgent challenges. Hutong neighborhoods in Beijing, capital of China, cannot be rebuilt due to the protection of historical heritage, while residents still need to keep the habit of defecating in public toilets. One hundred public toilets with non-sewered sanitation in the Hutong neighborhoods of Beijing were visited to investigate the actual operating status in response to the “toilet revolution” campaign. The fault tree approach was used to identify the barriers toward a decent and environment-friendly public toilet and evaluate potential risks from the malfunction of various components. Four subsystems are defined and elaborated to calculate the fault possibility. These subsystems are environment- and user-friendly, regarded as ancillary facilities, and used for fecal sludge (FS) management. Statistical analysis of targeted cases indicated that fault probabilities of environmental considerations, user-friendly considerations, ancillary facilities, FS management are calculated as 0.79, 0.96, 0.96, and 0, respectively. The subsystems were weighted using a Delphi method concept. Results showed that the well operation ratio of Beijing Hutong public toilets is only 32%, and the sanitation service value chain can be further optimized. This study also provides references for other countries, which are dedicated to promoting urban sanitation and public health. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8075803 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Academic Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80758032021-06-01 Operating status of public toilets in the Hutong neighborhoods of Beijing: An empirical study Yan, Rui Cheng, Shikun Chen, Jingang Li, Xiangkai Sharma, Sumit Nazim Uddin, Sayed Mohammad Mang, Heinz-Peter Chen, Cong Li, Zifu Li, Tianxin Wang, Xuemei J Environ Manage Article The provision of sanitation services for fast-growing urban populations is one of the world's urgent challenges. Hutong neighborhoods in Beijing, capital of China, cannot be rebuilt due to the protection of historical heritage, while residents still need to keep the habit of defecating in public toilets. One hundred public toilets with non-sewered sanitation in the Hutong neighborhoods of Beijing were visited to investigate the actual operating status in response to the “toilet revolution” campaign. The fault tree approach was used to identify the barriers toward a decent and environment-friendly public toilet and evaluate potential risks from the malfunction of various components. Four subsystems are defined and elaborated to calculate the fault possibility. These subsystems are environment- and user-friendly, regarded as ancillary facilities, and used for fecal sludge (FS) management. Statistical analysis of targeted cases indicated that fault probabilities of environmental considerations, user-friendly considerations, ancillary facilities, FS management are calculated as 0.79, 0.96, 0.96, and 0, respectively. The subsystems were weighted using a Delphi method concept. Results showed that the well operation ratio of Beijing Hutong public toilets is only 32%, and the sanitation service value chain can be further optimized. This study also provides references for other countries, which are dedicated to promoting urban sanitation and public health. Academic Press 2021-06-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8075803/ /pubmed/33714043 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112252 Text en © 2021 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Yan, Rui Cheng, Shikun Chen, Jingang Li, Xiangkai Sharma, Sumit Nazim Uddin, Sayed Mohammad Mang, Heinz-Peter Chen, Cong Li, Zifu Li, Tianxin Wang, Xuemei Operating status of public toilets in the Hutong neighborhoods of Beijing: An empirical study |
title | Operating status of public toilets in the Hutong neighborhoods of Beijing: An empirical study |
title_full | Operating status of public toilets in the Hutong neighborhoods of Beijing: An empirical study |
title_fullStr | Operating status of public toilets in the Hutong neighborhoods of Beijing: An empirical study |
title_full_unstemmed | Operating status of public toilets in the Hutong neighborhoods of Beijing: An empirical study |
title_short | Operating status of public toilets in the Hutong neighborhoods of Beijing: An empirical study |
title_sort | operating status of public toilets in the hutong neighborhoods of beijing: an empirical study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8075803/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33714043 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112252 |
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