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Magnitude of internalised stigma and associated factors among people with bipolar disorder at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
OBJECTIVES: To assess the magnitude of internalised stigma and associated factors among patients with bipolar disorder attending the outpatient department of Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. DESIGN: Institution-based cross-sectional study design. SETTING: Amanuel Mental Sp...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BMJ Publishing Group
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8076922/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33903143 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044824 |
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author | Shumet, Shegaye W/Michele, Bethlehem Angaw, Dessie Ergete, Temesgen Alemnew, Nigus |
author_facet | Shumet, Shegaye W/Michele, Bethlehem Angaw, Dessie Ergete, Temesgen Alemnew, Nigus |
author_sort | Shumet, Shegaye |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVES: To assess the magnitude of internalised stigma and associated factors among patients with bipolar disorder attending the outpatient department of Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. DESIGN: Institution-based cross-sectional study design. SETTING: Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. PARTICIPANTS: We recruited about 418 participants using systematic sampling technique for an interview during the study period. MEASUREMENT: Data were collected by face-to-face interviews. Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale was used to measure internalised stigma. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Oslo-3 Social Support were instruments used to assess the associated factors. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with the outcome variable. ORs with 95% CI were computed to determine the level of significance. RESULTS: The magnitude of internalised stigma was 24.9% (95% CI: 21.2% to 28.9%). In the multivariate analysis, unemployed (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.3, 95% CI: 1.0 to 5.0), unable to read and write (AOR=3.3, 95% CI: 1.05 to 10.7), poor social support (AOR=5.3, 95% CI: 1.9 to 15.0), ≥4 previous hospitalisations due to bipolar disorder (AOR=2.6, 95% CI: 1.1 to 6.1) and low self-esteem (AOR=2.4, 95% CI: 1.1 to 5.1) had a significant association with internalised stigma. CONCLUSIONS: One in four patients with bipolar disorder reported high internalised stigma. Unemployment, low educational status, low self-esteem, poor social support and being hospitalised more than three times before were significantly associated with internalised stigma. Thus, a stigma-reduction programme focusing on self-esteem improvement and psychological health of patients to increase their stigma resistance to counteracting effects of internalised stigma is essential. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8076922 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80769222021-05-11 Magnitude of internalised stigma and associated factors among people with bipolar disorder at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study Shumet, Shegaye W/Michele, Bethlehem Angaw, Dessie Ergete, Temesgen Alemnew, Nigus BMJ Open Mental Health OBJECTIVES: To assess the magnitude of internalised stigma and associated factors among patients with bipolar disorder attending the outpatient department of Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. DESIGN: Institution-based cross-sectional study design. SETTING: Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. PARTICIPANTS: We recruited about 418 participants using systematic sampling technique for an interview during the study period. MEASUREMENT: Data were collected by face-to-face interviews. Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale was used to measure internalised stigma. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Oslo-3 Social Support were instruments used to assess the associated factors. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with the outcome variable. ORs with 95% CI were computed to determine the level of significance. RESULTS: The magnitude of internalised stigma was 24.9% (95% CI: 21.2% to 28.9%). In the multivariate analysis, unemployed (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.3, 95% CI: 1.0 to 5.0), unable to read and write (AOR=3.3, 95% CI: 1.05 to 10.7), poor social support (AOR=5.3, 95% CI: 1.9 to 15.0), ≥4 previous hospitalisations due to bipolar disorder (AOR=2.6, 95% CI: 1.1 to 6.1) and low self-esteem (AOR=2.4, 95% CI: 1.1 to 5.1) had a significant association with internalised stigma. CONCLUSIONS: One in four patients with bipolar disorder reported high internalised stigma. Unemployment, low educational status, low self-esteem, poor social support and being hospitalised more than three times before were significantly associated with internalised stigma. Thus, a stigma-reduction programme focusing on self-esteem improvement and psychological health of patients to increase their stigma resistance to counteracting effects of internalised stigma is essential. BMJ Publishing Group 2021-04-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8076922/ /pubmed/33903143 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044824 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Mental Health Shumet, Shegaye W/Michele, Bethlehem Angaw, Dessie Ergete, Temesgen Alemnew, Nigus Magnitude of internalised stigma and associated factors among people with bipolar disorder at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study |
title | Magnitude of internalised stigma and associated factors among people with bipolar disorder at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study |
title_full | Magnitude of internalised stigma and associated factors among people with bipolar disorder at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study |
title_fullStr | Magnitude of internalised stigma and associated factors among people with bipolar disorder at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study |
title_full_unstemmed | Magnitude of internalised stigma and associated factors among people with bipolar disorder at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study |
title_short | Magnitude of internalised stigma and associated factors among people with bipolar disorder at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study |
title_sort | magnitude of internalised stigma and associated factors among people with bipolar disorder at amanuel mental specialized hospital, addis ababa, ethiopia: a cross-sectional study |
topic | Mental Health |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8076922/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33903143 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044824 |
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