Fréquence élevée de l´ischémie myocardique asymptomatique dans une population de patients infectés par le VIH à Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

INTRODUCTION: cardiovascular complications have become the 3(th) cause of death and the 4(th) reason for hospitalization in HIV-infected patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of asymptomatic myocardial ischemia in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy. METHODS: we conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in November 2015. Asymptomatic HIV-1-infected patients on ARV treatment and followed up in the Day Hospital Unit of the Department of Infectious Diseases of the University Hospital Sanon Sourou of Bobo-Dioulasso were included in the study. Among enrolled patients data on cardiovascular risk factors were collected as well as two sitting blood pressure measurements after 10 minutes of rest were taken during consultations and resting 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) was performed. RESULTS: a total of 123 HIV-1-infected patients with a median age of 42 years (IQR: 36-50), among whom 79% were female subjects, were included in the study. Cardiovascular risk factors included: PAH (31.7%), obesity (33%), dyslipidemia (10.57%), active smoking (0.8%) and diabetes (0.8%). All patients with hypertension (5.7%) were insufficiently treated. The median duration of ARV treatment was 5.3 years (IQR: 3-7.7). Repolarization disorders were found in 26 cases (21.13%). They were divided into subepicardial ischaemia in 20 cases (16.26%), subendocardial damage in 2 cases (1.63%) and sequelae of necrosis in 4 cases (3.25%). Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was found in 12 cases (9.76%) and, in particular, in hypertensive patients. Prolonged QTc interval was found in 7 patients (5.69%) regardless of the ARV drugs given. CONCLUSION: this study of HIV-1-infected patients highlights that asymptomatic myocardial ischemia is common. Screening programmes should be improved through more effective ischemia tests in order to better determine its severity in this sub-population with increased cardiovascular risk.