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Integrated analysis of potential pathways by which aloe-emodin induces the apoptosis of colon cancer cells
BACKGROUND: Colon cancer is a malignant gastrointestinal tumour with high incidence, mortality and metastasis rates worldwide. Aloe-emodin is a monomer compound derived from hydroxyanthraquinone. Aloe-emodin produces a wide range of antitumour effects and is produced by rhubarb, aloe and other herbs...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8077783/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33902610 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12935-021-01942-8 |
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author | Jiang, Dongxiao Ding, Shufei Mao, Zhujun You, Liyan Ruan, Yeping |
author_facet | Jiang, Dongxiao Ding, Shufei Mao, Zhujun You, Liyan Ruan, Yeping |
author_sort | Jiang, Dongxiao |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Colon cancer is a malignant gastrointestinal tumour with high incidence, mortality and metastasis rates worldwide. Aloe-emodin is a monomer compound derived from hydroxyanthraquinone. Aloe-emodin produces a wide range of antitumour effects and is produced by rhubarb, aloe and other herbs. However, the mechanism by which aloe-emodin influences colon cancer is still unclear. We hope these findings will lead to the development of a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of colon cancer in the clinic. METHODS: We identified the overlapping targets of aloe-emodin and colon cancer and performed protein–protein interaction (PPI), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. In addition, we selected apoptosis pathways for experimental verification with cell viability, cell proliferation, caspase-3 activity, DAPI staining, cell cycle and western blotting analyses to evaluate the apoptotic effect of aloe-emodin on colon cancer cells. RESULTS: The MTT assay and cell colony formation assay showed that aloe-emodin inhibited cell proliferation. DAPI staining confirmed that aloe-emodin induced apoptosis. Aloe-emodin upregulated the protein level of Bax and decreased the expression of Bcl-2, which activates caspase-3 and caspase-9. Furthermore, the protein expression level of cytochrome C increased in a time-dependent manner in the cytoplasm but decreased in a time-dependent manner in the mitochondria. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that aloe-emodin may induce the apoptosis of human colon cancer cells through mitochondria-related pathways. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8077783 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80777832021-04-29 Integrated analysis of potential pathways by which aloe-emodin induces the apoptosis of colon cancer cells Jiang, Dongxiao Ding, Shufei Mao, Zhujun You, Liyan Ruan, Yeping Cancer Cell Int Primary Research BACKGROUND: Colon cancer is a malignant gastrointestinal tumour with high incidence, mortality and metastasis rates worldwide. Aloe-emodin is a monomer compound derived from hydroxyanthraquinone. Aloe-emodin produces a wide range of antitumour effects and is produced by rhubarb, aloe and other herbs. However, the mechanism by which aloe-emodin influences colon cancer is still unclear. We hope these findings will lead to the development of a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of colon cancer in the clinic. METHODS: We identified the overlapping targets of aloe-emodin and colon cancer and performed protein–protein interaction (PPI), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. In addition, we selected apoptosis pathways for experimental verification with cell viability, cell proliferation, caspase-3 activity, DAPI staining, cell cycle and western blotting analyses to evaluate the apoptotic effect of aloe-emodin on colon cancer cells. RESULTS: The MTT assay and cell colony formation assay showed that aloe-emodin inhibited cell proliferation. DAPI staining confirmed that aloe-emodin induced apoptosis. Aloe-emodin upregulated the protein level of Bax and decreased the expression of Bcl-2, which activates caspase-3 and caspase-9. Furthermore, the protein expression level of cytochrome C increased in a time-dependent manner in the cytoplasm but decreased in a time-dependent manner in the mitochondria. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that aloe-emodin may induce the apoptosis of human colon cancer cells through mitochondria-related pathways. BioMed Central 2021-04-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8077783/ /pubmed/33902610 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12935-021-01942-8 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Primary Research Jiang, Dongxiao Ding, Shufei Mao, Zhujun You, Liyan Ruan, Yeping Integrated analysis of potential pathways by which aloe-emodin induces the apoptosis of colon cancer cells |
title | Integrated analysis of potential pathways by which aloe-emodin induces the apoptosis of colon cancer cells |
title_full | Integrated analysis of potential pathways by which aloe-emodin induces the apoptosis of colon cancer cells |
title_fullStr | Integrated analysis of potential pathways by which aloe-emodin induces the apoptosis of colon cancer cells |
title_full_unstemmed | Integrated analysis of potential pathways by which aloe-emodin induces the apoptosis of colon cancer cells |
title_short | Integrated analysis of potential pathways by which aloe-emodin induces the apoptosis of colon cancer cells |
title_sort | integrated analysis of potential pathways by which aloe-emodin induces the apoptosis of colon cancer cells |
topic | Primary Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8077783/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33902610 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12935-021-01942-8 |
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