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Maintenance of Barrier Tissue Integrity by Unconventional Lymphocytes
Mucosal surfaces, as a first barrier with the environment are especially susceptible to damage from both pathogens and physical trauma. Thus, these sites require tightly regulated repair programs to maintain barrier function in the face of such insults. Barrier sites are also enriched for unconventi...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8079635/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33936115 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.670471 |
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author | Cox, Joshua R. Cruickshank, Sheena M. Saunders, Amy E. |
author_facet | Cox, Joshua R. Cruickshank, Sheena M. Saunders, Amy E. |
author_sort | Cox, Joshua R. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Mucosal surfaces, as a first barrier with the environment are especially susceptible to damage from both pathogens and physical trauma. Thus, these sites require tightly regulated repair programs to maintain barrier function in the face of such insults. Barrier sites are also enriched for unconventional lymphocytes, which lack rearranged antigen receptors or express only a limited range of such receptors, such as ILCs (Innate Lymphoid Cells), γδ T Cells and MAIT (Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells). Recent studies have uncovered critical roles for unconventional lymphocytes in regulating mucosal barrier function, and, in particular, have highlighted their important involvement in barrier repair. The production of growth factors such as amphiregulin by ILC2, and fibroblast growth factors by γδ T cells have been shown to promote tissue repair at multiple barrier sites. Additionally, MAIT cells have been shown to exhibit pro-repair phenotypes and demonstrate microbiota-dependent promotion of murine skin healing. In this review we will discuss how immune responses at mucosal sites are controlled by unconventional lymphocytes and the ways in which these cells promote tissue repair to maintain barrier integrity in the skin, gut and lungs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8079635 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80796352021-04-29 Maintenance of Barrier Tissue Integrity by Unconventional Lymphocytes Cox, Joshua R. Cruickshank, Sheena M. Saunders, Amy E. Front Immunol Immunology Mucosal surfaces, as a first barrier with the environment are especially susceptible to damage from both pathogens and physical trauma. Thus, these sites require tightly regulated repair programs to maintain barrier function in the face of such insults. Barrier sites are also enriched for unconventional lymphocytes, which lack rearranged antigen receptors or express only a limited range of such receptors, such as ILCs (Innate Lymphoid Cells), γδ T Cells and MAIT (Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells). Recent studies have uncovered critical roles for unconventional lymphocytes in regulating mucosal barrier function, and, in particular, have highlighted their important involvement in barrier repair. The production of growth factors such as amphiregulin by ILC2, and fibroblast growth factors by γδ T cells have been shown to promote tissue repair at multiple barrier sites. Additionally, MAIT cells have been shown to exhibit pro-repair phenotypes and demonstrate microbiota-dependent promotion of murine skin healing. In this review we will discuss how immune responses at mucosal sites are controlled by unconventional lymphocytes and the ways in which these cells promote tissue repair to maintain barrier integrity in the skin, gut and lungs. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-04-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8079635/ /pubmed/33936115 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.670471 Text en Copyright © 2021 Cox, Cruickshank and Saunders https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Cox, Joshua R. Cruickshank, Sheena M. Saunders, Amy E. Maintenance of Barrier Tissue Integrity by Unconventional Lymphocytes |
title | Maintenance of Barrier Tissue Integrity by Unconventional Lymphocytes |
title_full | Maintenance of Barrier Tissue Integrity by Unconventional Lymphocytes |
title_fullStr | Maintenance of Barrier Tissue Integrity by Unconventional Lymphocytes |
title_full_unstemmed | Maintenance of Barrier Tissue Integrity by Unconventional Lymphocytes |
title_short | Maintenance of Barrier Tissue Integrity by Unconventional Lymphocytes |
title_sort | maintenance of barrier tissue integrity by unconventional lymphocytes |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8079635/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33936115 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.670471 |
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