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Similar sequences but dissimilar biological functions of GDF11 and myostatin
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) and myostatin (MSTN) are closely related TGFβ family members that are often believed to serve similar functions due to their high homology. However, genetic studies in animals provide clear evidence that they perform distinct roles. While the loss of Mstn lea...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8080601/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33077875 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s12276-020-00516-4 |
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author | Suh, Joonho Lee, Yun-Sil |
author_facet | Suh, Joonho Lee, Yun-Sil |
author_sort | Suh, Joonho |
collection | PubMed |
description | Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) and myostatin (MSTN) are closely related TGFβ family members that are often believed to serve similar functions due to their high homology. However, genetic studies in animals provide clear evidence that they perform distinct roles. While the loss of Mstn leads to hypermuscularity, the deletion of Gdf11 results in abnormal skeletal patterning and organ development. The perinatal lethality of Gdf11-null mice, which contrasts with the long-term viability of Mstn-null mice, has led most research to focus on utilizing recombinant GDF11 proteins to investigate the postnatal functions of GDF11. However, the reported outcomes of the exogenous application of recombinant GDF11 proteins are controversial partly because of the different sources and qualities of recombinant GDF11 used and because recombinant GDF11 and MSTN proteins are nearly indistinguishable due to their similar structural and biochemical properties. Here, we analyze the similarities and differences between GDF11 and MSTN from an evolutionary point of view and summarize the current understanding of the biological processing, signaling, and physiological functions of GDF11 and MSTN. Finally, we discuss the potential use of recombinant GDF11 as a therapeutic option for a wide range of medical conditions and the possible adverse effects of GDF11 inhibition mediated by MSTN inhibitors. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8080601 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80806012021-04-29 Similar sequences but dissimilar biological functions of GDF11 and myostatin Suh, Joonho Lee, Yun-Sil Exp Mol Med Review Article Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) and myostatin (MSTN) are closely related TGFβ family members that are often believed to serve similar functions due to their high homology. However, genetic studies in animals provide clear evidence that they perform distinct roles. While the loss of Mstn leads to hypermuscularity, the deletion of Gdf11 results in abnormal skeletal patterning and organ development. The perinatal lethality of Gdf11-null mice, which contrasts with the long-term viability of Mstn-null mice, has led most research to focus on utilizing recombinant GDF11 proteins to investigate the postnatal functions of GDF11. However, the reported outcomes of the exogenous application of recombinant GDF11 proteins are controversial partly because of the different sources and qualities of recombinant GDF11 used and because recombinant GDF11 and MSTN proteins are nearly indistinguishable due to their similar structural and biochemical properties. Here, we analyze the similarities and differences between GDF11 and MSTN from an evolutionary point of view and summarize the current understanding of the biological processing, signaling, and physiological functions of GDF11 and MSTN. Finally, we discuss the potential use of recombinant GDF11 as a therapeutic option for a wide range of medical conditions and the possible adverse effects of GDF11 inhibition mediated by MSTN inhibitors. Nature Publishing Group UK 2020-10-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8080601/ /pubmed/33077875 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s12276-020-00516-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Review Article Suh, Joonho Lee, Yun-Sil Similar sequences but dissimilar biological functions of GDF11 and myostatin |
title | Similar sequences but dissimilar biological functions of GDF11 and myostatin |
title_full | Similar sequences but dissimilar biological functions of GDF11 and myostatin |
title_fullStr | Similar sequences but dissimilar biological functions of GDF11 and myostatin |
title_full_unstemmed | Similar sequences but dissimilar biological functions of GDF11 and myostatin |
title_short | Similar sequences but dissimilar biological functions of GDF11 and myostatin |
title_sort | similar sequences but dissimilar biological functions of gdf11 and myostatin |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8080601/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33077875 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s12276-020-00516-4 |
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