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Small but mighty: the causes and consequences of micronucleus rupture

Micronuclei are small DNA-containing nuclear structures that are spatially isolated from the main nucleus. They are frequently found in pathologies, including cancer. It was recently shown that these nuclear structures are not only biomarkers of disease but also play an active role in tumor biology....

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Autores principales: Kwon, Mijung, Leibowitz, Mitchell L., Lee, Jae-Ho
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8080619/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33230251
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s12276-020-00529-z
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author Kwon, Mijung
Leibowitz, Mitchell L.
Lee, Jae-Ho
author_facet Kwon, Mijung
Leibowitz, Mitchell L.
Lee, Jae-Ho
author_sort Kwon, Mijung
collection PubMed
description Micronuclei are small DNA-containing nuclear structures that are spatially isolated from the main nucleus. They are frequently found in pathologies, including cancer. It was recently shown that these nuclear structures are not only biomarkers of disease but also play an active role in tumor biology. Many consequences of micronucleus formation on tumor biology are dependent on the frequent and irreversible rupture of their nuclear envelopes, which results in the exposure of their DNA contents to the cytoplasm. In this review, we discuss models of defective nuclear envelope deposition on missegregated chromosomes that lead to nuclear envelope rupture. Furthermore, we expound upon the various downstream consequences of micronucleus nuclear envelope rupture on cells. These consequences include a massive DNA rearrangement phenomenon called chromothripsis and activation of the cGAS-STING innate immune signaling pathway, which can be a double-edged sword with tumorigenesis and tumor prevention functions. Although micronuclei are small structures, the impact they have on cells and their microenvironment is quite large.
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spelling pubmed-80806192021-04-29 Small but mighty: the causes and consequences of micronucleus rupture Kwon, Mijung Leibowitz, Mitchell L. Lee, Jae-Ho Exp Mol Med Review Article Micronuclei are small DNA-containing nuclear structures that are spatially isolated from the main nucleus. They are frequently found in pathologies, including cancer. It was recently shown that these nuclear structures are not only biomarkers of disease but also play an active role in tumor biology. Many consequences of micronucleus formation on tumor biology are dependent on the frequent and irreversible rupture of their nuclear envelopes, which results in the exposure of their DNA contents to the cytoplasm. In this review, we discuss models of defective nuclear envelope deposition on missegregated chromosomes that lead to nuclear envelope rupture. Furthermore, we expound upon the various downstream consequences of micronucleus nuclear envelope rupture on cells. These consequences include a massive DNA rearrangement phenomenon called chromothripsis and activation of the cGAS-STING innate immune signaling pathway, which can be a double-edged sword with tumorigenesis and tumor prevention functions. Although micronuclei are small structures, the impact they have on cells and their microenvironment is quite large. Nature Publishing Group UK 2020-11-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8080619/ /pubmed/33230251 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s12276-020-00529-z Text en © The Author(s) 2020 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Review Article
Kwon, Mijung
Leibowitz, Mitchell L.
Lee, Jae-Ho
Small but mighty: the causes and consequences of micronucleus rupture
title Small but mighty: the causes and consequences of micronucleus rupture
title_full Small but mighty: the causes and consequences of micronucleus rupture
title_fullStr Small but mighty: the causes and consequences of micronucleus rupture
title_full_unstemmed Small but mighty: the causes and consequences of micronucleus rupture
title_short Small but mighty: the causes and consequences of micronucleus rupture
title_sort small but mighty: the causes and consequences of micronucleus rupture
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8080619/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33230251
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s12276-020-00529-z
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