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Impacts of a sugar sweetened beverage tax on body mass index and obesity in Thailand: A modelling study

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes to address obesity. Thailand has just launched the new tax rates for SSB in 2017; however, the existing tax rate is not as high as the 20% recommended by the WHO. The objective for this study was to estim...

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Autores principales: Phonsuk, Payao, Vongmongkol, Vuthiphan, Ponguttha, Suladda, Suphanchaimat, Rapeepong, Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa, Swinburn, Boyd Anthony
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8084227/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33914822
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250841
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author Phonsuk, Payao
Vongmongkol, Vuthiphan
Ponguttha, Suladda
Suphanchaimat, Rapeepong
Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa
Swinburn, Boyd Anthony
author_facet Phonsuk, Payao
Vongmongkol, Vuthiphan
Ponguttha, Suladda
Suphanchaimat, Rapeepong
Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa
Swinburn, Boyd Anthony
author_sort Phonsuk, Payao
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes to address obesity. Thailand has just launched the new tax rates for SSB in 2017; however, the existing tax rate is not as high as the 20% recommended by the WHO. The objective for this study was to estimate the impacts of an SSB tax on body mass index (BMI) and obesity prevalence in Thailand under three different scenarios based on existing SSB and recommended tax rates. METHODS: A base model was built to estimate the impacts of an SSB tax on SSB consumption, energy intake, BMI, and obesity prevalence. Literature review was conducted to estimate pass on rate, price elasticity, energy compensation, and energy balance to weight change. Different tax rates (11%, 20% and 25%) were used in the model. The model assumed no substitution effects, model values were based on international data since there was no empirical Thai data available. Differential effects by income groups were not estimated. FINDINGS: When applying 11%, 20%, and 25% tax rates together with 100% pass on rate and an -1.30 own-price elasticity, the SSB consumption decreased by 14%, 26%, and 32%, respectively. The 20% and 25% price increase in SSB price tended to reduce higher energy intake, weight status and BMI, when compared with an 11% increase in existing price increase of SSB. The percentage changes of obesity prevalence of 11%, 20% and 25% SSB tax rates were estimated to be 1.73%, 3.83%, and 4.91%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A higher SSB tax (20% and 25%) was estimated to reduce consumption and consequently decrease obesity prevalence. Since Thailand has already endorsed the excise tax structure, the new excise tax structure for SSB should be scaled up to a 20% or 25% tax rate if the SSB consumption change does not meet a favourable goal.
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spelling pubmed-80842272021-05-06 Impacts of a sugar sweetened beverage tax on body mass index and obesity in Thailand: A modelling study Phonsuk, Payao Vongmongkol, Vuthiphan Ponguttha, Suladda Suphanchaimat, Rapeepong Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa Swinburn, Boyd Anthony PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes to address obesity. Thailand has just launched the new tax rates for SSB in 2017; however, the existing tax rate is not as high as the 20% recommended by the WHO. The objective for this study was to estimate the impacts of an SSB tax on body mass index (BMI) and obesity prevalence in Thailand under three different scenarios based on existing SSB and recommended tax rates. METHODS: A base model was built to estimate the impacts of an SSB tax on SSB consumption, energy intake, BMI, and obesity prevalence. Literature review was conducted to estimate pass on rate, price elasticity, energy compensation, and energy balance to weight change. Different tax rates (11%, 20% and 25%) were used in the model. The model assumed no substitution effects, model values were based on international data since there was no empirical Thai data available. Differential effects by income groups were not estimated. FINDINGS: When applying 11%, 20%, and 25% tax rates together with 100% pass on rate and an -1.30 own-price elasticity, the SSB consumption decreased by 14%, 26%, and 32%, respectively. The 20% and 25% price increase in SSB price tended to reduce higher energy intake, weight status and BMI, when compared with an 11% increase in existing price increase of SSB. The percentage changes of obesity prevalence of 11%, 20% and 25% SSB tax rates were estimated to be 1.73%, 3.83%, and 4.91%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A higher SSB tax (20% and 25%) was estimated to reduce consumption and consequently decrease obesity prevalence. Since Thailand has already endorsed the excise tax structure, the new excise tax structure for SSB should be scaled up to a 20% or 25% tax rate if the SSB consumption change does not meet a favourable goal. Public Library of Science 2021-04-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8084227/ /pubmed/33914822 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250841 Text en © 2021 Phonsuk et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Phonsuk, Payao
Vongmongkol, Vuthiphan
Ponguttha, Suladda
Suphanchaimat, Rapeepong
Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa
Swinburn, Boyd Anthony
Impacts of a sugar sweetened beverage tax on body mass index and obesity in Thailand: A modelling study
title Impacts of a sugar sweetened beverage tax on body mass index and obesity in Thailand: A modelling study
title_full Impacts of a sugar sweetened beverage tax on body mass index and obesity in Thailand: A modelling study
title_fullStr Impacts of a sugar sweetened beverage tax on body mass index and obesity in Thailand: A modelling study
title_full_unstemmed Impacts of a sugar sweetened beverage tax on body mass index and obesity in Thailand: A modelling study
title_short Impacts of a sugar sweetened beverage tax on body mass index and obesity in Thailand: A modelling study
title_sort impacts of a sugar sweetened beverage tax on body mass index and obesity in thailand: a modelling study
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8084227/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33914822
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250841
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