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Gharat: an environment friendly livelihood source for the natives of western Himalaya, India
The native people of the Himalayan region use an indigenously designed watermill locally called as ‘Gharat’. The ‘Gharat’ is made from the natural resources that are easily available in the area and operates through the water force coming from glaciers, perennial streams and rivulets. Thus, it is an...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Netherlands
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8084263/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33948106 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01455-4 |
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author | Bhatt, Anupam Rana, Dipika Lal, Brij |
author_facet | Bhatt, Anupam Rana, Dipika Lal, Brij |
author_sort | Bhatt, Anupam |
collection | PubMed |
description | The native people of the Himalayan region use an indigenously designed watermill locally called as ‘Gharat’. The ‘Gharat’ is made from the natural resources that are easily available in the area and operates through the water force coming from glaciers, perennial streams and rivulets. Thus, it is an environment friendly source of livelihood for the ‘Gharatis’ (the owner of Gharat). In the present communication, an effort was made to document the status of Gharats in the high-altitude Himalayan regions of Pangi and Tissa of district Chamba. Field surveys were conducted in a total of twenty remote villages of Pangi and Tissa regions (ten in each site). Information was collected on pre-designed semi-structured questionnaires from local people that primarily consisted of Gharatis, elderly informants and the inhabitants living in the vicinity of Gharats. All possible reasons responsible for the increase and reduction in the number of Gharats in the study areas were also documented by interviewing the informants. The study revealed that in the Pangi region number of Gharats have increased and are in good condition whereas there is a drastic decline in the number of Gharats in Tissa. The informants in Pangi gave maximum responses favouring motivational factors while in Tissa maximum responses were obtained for demotivational factors. Based on these responses, we prioritized the corrective measures for improving the efficiency of Gharats and restoration of this age-old indigenous and environment friendly technology. This will surely enhance livelihood security of the inhabitants besides optimum utilization of the natural resources in the Himalayan region. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10668-021-01455-4. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8084263 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Springer Netherlands |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80842632021-04-30 Gharat: an environment friendly livelihood source for the natives of western Himalaya, India Bhatt, Anupam Rana, Dipika Lal, Brij Environ Dev Sustain Article The native people of the Himalayan region use an indigenously designed watermill locally called as ‘Gharat’. The ‘Gharat’ is made from the natural resources that are easily available in the area and operates through the water force coming from glaciers, perennial streams and rivulets. Thus, it is an environment friendly source of livelihood for the ‘Gharatis’ (the owner of Gharat). In the present communication, an effort was made to document the status of Gharats in the high-altitude Himalayan regions of Pangi and Tissa of district Chamba. Field surveys were conducted in a total of twenty remote villages of Pangi and Tissa regions (ten in each site). Information was collected on pre-designed semi-structured questionnaires from local people that primarily consisted of Gharatis, elderly informants and the inhabitants living in the vicinity of Gharats. All possible reasons responsible for the increase and reduction in the number of Gharats in the study areas were also documented by interviewing the informants. The study revealed that in the Pangi region number of Gharats have increased and are in good condition whereas there is a drastic decline in the number of Gharats in Tissa. The informants in Pangi gave maximum responses favouring motivational factors while in Tissa maximum responses were obtained for demotivational factors. Based on these responses, we prioritized the corrective measures for improving the efficiency of Gharats and restoration of this age-old indigenous and environment friendly technology. This will surely enhance livelihood security of the inhabitants besides optimum utilization of the natural resources in the Himalayan region. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10668-021-01455-4. Springer Netherlands 2021-04-29 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8084263/ /pubmed/33948106 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01455-4 Text en © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2021 This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. |
spellingShingle | Article Bhatt, Anupam Rana, Dipika Lal, Brij Gharat: an environment friendly livelihood source for the natives of western Himalaya, India |
title | Gharat: an environment friendly livelihood source for the natives of western Himalaya, India |
title_full | Gharat: an environment friendly livelihood source for the natives of western Himalaya, India |
title_fullStr | Gharat: an environment friendly livelihood source for the natives of western Himalaya, India |
title_full_unstemmed | Gharat: an environment friendly livelihood source for the natives of western Himalaya, India |
title_short | Gharat: an environment friendly livelihood source for the natives of western Himalaya, India |
title_sort | gharat: an environment friendly livelihood source for the natives of western himalaya, india |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8084263/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33948106 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01455-4 |
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