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Urine Cadmium as a Risk Factor for Osteoporosis and Osteopenia: A Meta-Analysis

Background: As society ages, the incidence of osteoporosis increases. In several studies, cadmium (Cd) is thought to be related to osteoporosis. However, there are conflicting reports about the relationship between Cd and the risk of osteoporosis and osteopenia. Therefore, the purpose of this meta-a...

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Autores principales: Li, Dong, Lin, HaoJie, Zhang, Min, Meng, Jing, Hu, LiYou, Yu, Bo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8085254/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33937289
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.648902
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author Li, Dong
Lin, HaoJie
Zhang, Min
Meng, Jing
Hu, LiYou
Yu, Bo
author_facet Li, Dong
Lin, HaoJie
Zhang, Min
Meng, Jing
Hu, LiYou
Yu, Bo
author_sort Li, Dong
collection PubMed
description Background: As society ages, the incidence of osteoporosis increases. In several studies, cadmium (Cd) is thought to be related to osteoporosis. However, there are conflicting reports about the relationship between Cd and the risk of osteoporosis and osteopenia. Therefore, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to explore the relationship between Cd and osteoporosis and osteopenia. Methods: Through a review of the literature, articles published in PubMed as of December 2020 were identified and the references of related publications and reviews were reviewed. Ultimately, 17 eligible articles were selected to determine the relationship between blood and urine Cd concentrations for the risk of osteoporosis or osteopenia. In this study, we performed a classification analysis, heterogeneity test, subgroup analysis, and evaluated publication bias. Results: A total of 17 studies were included, including seven on blood Cd and 10 on urine Cd. By combining the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the lowest and highest categories, the odds ratio of blood Cd concentration that increased the risk of osteoporosis or osteopenia was OR 1.21 (95% CI: 0.84–1.58) and that of urine Cd concentration that increased the risk of osteoporosis or osteopenia was OR 1.80 (95% CI: 1.42–2.18), and the results of the subgroup analysis were also consistent. Conclusions: Our research indicates that while urine cadmium (Cd) concentration may be related to increased risk of osteoporosis and osteopenia, blood Cd concentration may not. Therefore, compared to blood Cd concentration, urine Cd concentration may be more reliable as a risk factor for osteoporosis and osteopenia. This result should be interpreted with caution. Currently. research on the relationship between Cd concentration and osteoporosis and osteopenia is limited, thus, further large, high-quality prospective studies are required to elucidate the relationship between Cd concentration and osteoporosis and osteopenia.
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spelling pubmed-80852542021-05-01 Urine Cadmium as a Risk Factor for Osteoporosis and Osteopenia: A Meta-Analysis Li, Dong Lin, HaoJie Zhang, Min Meng, Jing Hu, LiYou Yu, Bo Front Med (Lausanne) Medicine Background: As society ages, the incidence of osteoporosis increases. In several studies, cadmium (Cd) is thought to be related to osteoporosis. However, there are conflicting reports about the relationship between Cd and the risk of osteoporosis and osteopenia. Therefore, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to explore the relationship between Cd and osteoporosis and osteopenia. Methods: Through a review of the literature, articles published in PubMed as of December 2020 were identified and the references of related publications and reviews were reviewed. Ultimately, 17 eligible articles were selected to determine the relationship between blood and urine Cd concentrations for the risk of osteoporosis or osteopenia. In this study, we performed a classification analysis, heterogeneity test, subgroup analysis, and evaluated publication bias. Results: A total of 17 studies were included, including seven on blood Cd and 10 on urine Cd. By combining the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the lowest and highest categories, the odds ratio of blood Cd concentration that increased the risk of osteoporosis or osteopenia was OR 1.21 (95% CI: 0.84–1.58) and that of urine Cd concentration that increased the risk of osteoporosis or osteopenia was OR 1.80 (95% CI: 1.42–2.18), and the results of the subgroup analysis were also consistent. Conclusions: Our research indicates that while urine cadmium (Cd) concentration may be related to increased risk of osteoporosis and osteopenia, blood Cd concentration may not. Therefore, compared to blood Cd concentration, urine Cd concentration may be more reliable as a risk factor for osteoporosis and osteopenia. This result should be interpreted with caution. Currently. research on the relationship between Cd concentration and osteoporosis and osteopenia is limited, thus, further large, high-quality prospective studies are required to elucidate the relationship between Cd concentration and osteoporosis and osteopenia. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-04-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8085254/ /pubmed/33937289 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.648902 Text en Copyright © 2021 Li, Lin, Zhang, Meng, Hu and Yu. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Medicine
Li, Dong
Lin, HaoJie
Zhang, Min
Meng, Jing
Hu, LiYou
Yu, Bo
Urine Cadmium as a Risk Factor for Osteoporosis and Osteopenia: A Meta-Analysis
title Urine Cadmium as a Risk Factor for Osteoporosis and Osteopenia: A Meta-Analysis
title_full Urine Cadmium as a Risk Factor for Osteoporosis and Osteopenia: A Meta-Analysis
title_fullStr Urine Cadmium as a Risk Factor for Osteoporosis and Osteopenia: A Meta-Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Urine Cadmium as a Risk Factor for Osteoporosis and Osteopenia: A Meta-Analysis
title_short Urine Cadmium as a Risk Factor for Osteoporosis and Osteopenia: A Meta-Analysis
title_sort urine cadmium as a risk factor for osteoporosis and osteopenia: a meta-analysis
topic Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8085254/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33937289
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.648902
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