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Neoantigen: A New Breakthrough in Tumor Immunotherapy

Cancer immunotherapy works by stimulating and strengthening the body’s anti-tumor immune response to eliminate cancer cells. Over the past few decades, immunotherapy has shown remarkable efficacy in the treatment of cancer, particularly the success of immune checkpoint blockade targeting CTLA-4, PD-...

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Autores principales: Zhang, Zheying, Lu, Manman, Qin, Yu, Gao, Wuji, Tao, Li, Su, Wei, Zhong, Jiateng
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8085349/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33936118
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.672356
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author Zhang, Zheying
Lu, Manman
Qin, Yu
Gao, Wuji
Tao, Li
Su, Wei
Zhong, Jiateng
author_facet Zhang, Zheying
Lu, Manman
Qin, Yu
Gao, Wuji
Tao, Li
Su, Wei
Zhong, Jiateng
author_sort Zhang, Zheying
collection PubMed
description Cancer immunotherapy works by stimulating and strengthening the body’s anti-tumor immune response to eliminate cancer cells. Over the past few decades, immunotherapy has shown remarkable efficacy in the treatment of cancer, particularly the success of immune checkpoint blockade targeting CTLA-4, PD-1 and PDL1, which has led to a breakthrough in tumor immunotherapy. Tumor neoantigens, a new approach to tumor immunotherapy, include antigens produced by tumor viruses integrated into the genome and antigens produced by mutant proteins, which are abundantly expressed only in tumor cells and have strong immunogenicity and tumor heterogeneity. A growing number of studies have highlighted the relationship between neoantigens and T cells’ recognition of cancer cells. Vaccines developed against neoantigens are now being used in clinical trials in various solid tumors. In this review, we summarized the latest advances in the classification of immunotherapy and the process of classification, identification and synthesis of tumor-specific neoantigens, as well as their role in current cancer immunotherapy. Finally, the application prospects and existing problems of neoantigens were discussed.
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spelling pubmed-80853492021-05-01 Neoantigen: A New Breakthrough in Tumor Immunotherapy Zhang, Zheying Lu, Manman Qin, Yu Gao, Wuji Tao, Li Su, Wei Zhong, Jiateng Front Immunol Immunology Cancer immunotherapy works by stimulating and strengthening the body’s anti-tumor immune response to eliminate cancer cells. Over the past few decades, immunotherapy has shown remarkable efficacy in the treatment of cancer, particularly the success of immune checkpoint blockade targeting CTLA-4, PD-1 and PDL1, which has led to a breakthrough in tumor immunotherapy. Tumor neoantigens, a new approach to tumor immunotherapy, include antigens produced by tumor viruses integrated into the genome and antigens produced by mutant proteins, which are abundantly expressed only in tumor cells and have strong immunogenicity and tumor heterogeneity. A growing number of studies have highlighted the relationship between neoantigens and T cells’ recognition of cancer cells. Vaccines developed against neoantigens are now being used in clinical trials in various solid tumors. In this review, we summarized the latest advances in the classification of immunotherapy and the process of classification, identification and synthesis of tumor-specific neoantigens, as well as their role in current cancer immunotherapy. Finally, the application prospects and existing problems of neoantigens were discussed. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-04-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8085349/ /pubmed/33936118 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.672356 Text en Copyright © 2021 Zhang, Lu, Qin, Gao, Tao, Su and Zhong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Zhang, Zheying
Lu, Manman
Qin, Yu
Gao, Wuji
Tao, Li
Su, Wei
Zhong, Jiateng
Neoantigen: A New Breakthrough in Tumor Immunotherapy
title Neoantigen: A New Breakthrough in Tumor Immunotherapy
title_full Neoantigen: A New Breakthrough in Tumor Immunotherapy
title_fullStr Neoantigen: A New Breakthrough in Tumor Immunotherapy
title_full_unstemmed Neoantigen: A New Breakthrough in Tumor Immunotherapy
title_short Neoantigen: A New Breakthrough in Tumor Immunotherapy
title_sort neoantigen: a new breakthrough in tumor immunotherapy
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8085349/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33936118
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.672356
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