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Metabolic energy conservation for fermentative product formation

Microbial production of bulk chemicals and biofuels from carbohydrates competes with low‐cost fossil‐based production. To limit production costs, high titres, productivities and especially high yields are required. This necessitates metabolic networks involved in product formation to be redox‐neutra...

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Autores principales: Folch, Pauline L., Bisschops, Markus M.M., Weusthuis, Ruud A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8085960/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33438829
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13746
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author Folch, Pauline L.
Bisschops, Markus M.M.
Weusthuis, Ruud A.
author_facet Folch, Pauline L.
Bisschops, Markus M.M.
Weusthuis, Ruud A.
author_sort Folch, Pauline L.
collection PubMed
description Microbial production of bulk chemicals and biofuels from carbohydrates competes with low‐cost fossil‐based production. To limit production costs, high titres, productivities and especially high yields are required. This necessitates metabolic networks involved in product formation to be redox‐neutral and conserve metabolic energy to sustain growth and maintenance. Here, we review the mechanisms available to conserve energy and to prevent unnecessary energy expenditure. First, an overview of ATP production in existing sugar‐based fermentation processes is presented. Substrate‐level phosphorylation (SLP) and the involved kinase reactions are described. Based on the thermodynamics of these reactions, we explore whether other kinase‐catalysed reactions can be applied for SLP. Generation of ion‐motive force is another means to conserve metabolic energy. We provide examples how its generation is supported by carbon‐carbon double bond reduction, decarboxylation and electron transfer between redox cofactors. In a wider perspective, the relationship between redox potential and energy conservation is discussed. We describe how the energy input required for coenzyme A (CoA) and CO(2) binding can be reduced by applying CoA‐transferases and transcarboxylases. The transport of sugars and fermentation products may require metabolic energy input, but alternative transport systems can be used to minimize this. Finally, we show that energy contained in glycosidic bonds and the phosphate‐phosphate bond of pyrophosphate can be conserved. This review can be used as a reference to design energetically efficient microbial cell factories and enhance product yield.
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spelling pubmed-80859602021-05-07 Metabolic energy conservation for fermentative product formation Folch, Pauline L. Bisschops, Markus M.M. Weusthuis, Ruud A. Microb Biotechnol Minireviews Microbial production of bulk chemicals and biofuels from carbohydrates competes with low‐cost fossil‐based production. To limit production costs, high titres, productivities and especially high yields are required. This necessitates metabolic networks involved in product formation to be redox‐neutral and conserve metabolic energy to sustain growth and maintenance. Here, we review the mechanisms available to conserve energy and to prevent unnecessary energy expenditure. First, an overview of ATP production in existing sugar‐based fermentation processes is presented. Substrate‐level phosphorylation (SLP) and the involved kinase reactions are described. Based on the thermodynamics of these reactions, we explore whether other kinase‐catalysed reactions can be applied for SLP. Generation of ion‐motive force is another means to conserve metabolic energy. We provide examples how its generation is supported by carbon‐carbon double bond reduction, decarboxylation and electron transfer between redox cofactors. In a wider perspective, the relationship between redox potential and energy conservation is discussed. We describe how the energy input required for coenzyme A (CoA) and CO(2) binding can be reduced by applying CoA‐transferases and transcarboxylases. The transport of sugars and fermentation products may require metabolic energy input, but alternative transport systems can be used to minimize this. Finally, we show that energy contained in glycosidic bonds and the phosphate‐phosphate bond of pyrophosphate can be conserved. This review can be used as a reference to design energetically efficient microbial cell factories and enhance product yield. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021-01-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8085960/ /pubmed/33438829 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13746 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Microbial Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Society for Applied Microbiology. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
spellingShingle Minireviews
Folch, Pauline L.
Bisschops, Markus M.M.
Weusthuis, Ruud A.
Metabolic energy conservation for fermentative product formation
title Metabolic energy conservation for fermentative product formation
title_full Metabolic energy conservation for fermentative product formation
title_fullStr Metabolic energy conservation for fermentative product formation
title_full_unstemmed Metabolic energy conservation for fermentative product formation
title_short Metabolic energy conservation for fermentative product formation
title_sort metabolic energy conservation for fermentative product formation
topic Minireviews
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8085960/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33438829
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13746
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