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Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus: A Scoping Review of the Global Evidence

Background: Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is a mosquito-borne virus that is primarily found in North America and the Caribbean. Over the past decade there has been an increase in virus activity, including large outbreaks in human and horse populations. Predicted climate change is expected...

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Autores principales: Corrin, Tricia, Ackford, Rachel, Mascarenhas, Mariola, Greig, Judy, Waddell, Lisa A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8086401/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33332203
http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2020.2671
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author Corrin, Tricia
Ackford, Rachel
Mascarenhas, Mariola
Greig, Judy
Waddell, Lisa A.
author_facet Corrin, Tricia
Ackford, Rachel
Mascarenhas, Mariola
Greig, Judy
Waddell, Lisa A.
author_sort Corrin, Tricia
collection PubMed
description Background: Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is a mosquito-borne virus that is primarily found in North America and the Caribbean. Over the past decade there has been an increase in virus activity, including large outbreaks in human and horse populations. Predicted climate change is expected to affect the range of mosquitoes including vectors of EEEV, which may alter disease risk posing a public health concern. Methods: A scoping review (ScR) was conducted to identify and characterize the global evidence on EEEV. A thorough search was conducted in relevant bibliographic databases and government websites. Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts for relevance and the characteristics of relevant articles were extracted using a uniformly implemented data collection form. The study protocol was developed a priori and described the methods and tools used and this article follows the PRISMA-ScR guidelines for reporting ScRs. Results: The ScR included 718 relevant research articles. The majority of the articles originated from North America (97%) between 1933 and 2019. EEEV has been identified in 35 species of mosquitoes, over 200 species of birds, various domestic animals, wild mammals, reptiles, and amphibians. Articles identified in this ScR primarily covered three topic areas: epidemiology of hosts and vectors (344 articles) including surveillance results (138), pathogenesis of EEEV in hosts (193), and in vitro studies characterizing EEEV (111). Fewer articles evaluated the accuracy of diagnostic tests (63), the efficacy of mitigation strategies (62), transmission dynamics (56), treatment of EEEV in hosts (10), societal knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions (4), and economic burden (2). Conclusion: With the projected impact of climate change on mosquito populations, it is expected that the risk of EEEV could change resulting in higher disease burden or spread into previously unaffected areas. Future research efforts should focus on closing some of the important knowledge gaps identified in this ScR.
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spelling pubmed-80864012021-04-30 Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus: A Scoping Review of the Global Evidence Corrin, Tricia Ackford, Rachel Mascarenhas, Mariola Greig, Judy Waddell, Lisa A. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis Review Background: Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is a mosquito-borne virus that is primarily found in North America and the Caribbean. Over the past decade there has been an increase in virus activity, including large outbreaks in human and horse populations. Predicted climate change is expected to affect the range of mosquitoes including vectors of EEEV, which may alter disease risk posing a public health concern. Methods: A scoping review (ScR) was conducted to identify and characterize the global evidence on EEEV. A thorough search was conducted in relevant bibliographic databases and government websites. Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts for relevance and the characteristics of relevant articles were extracted using a uniformly implemented data collection form. The study protocol was developed a priori and described the methods and tools used and this article follows the PRISMA-ScR guidelines for reporting ScRs. Results: The ScR included 718 relevant research articles. The majority of the articles originated from North America (97%) between 1933 and 2019. EEEV has been identified in 35 species of mosquitoes, over 200 species of birds, various domestic animals, wild mammals, reptiles, and amphibians. Articles identified in this ScR primarily covered three topic areas: epidemiology of hosts and vectors (344 articles) including surveillance results (138), pathogenesis of EEEV in hosts (193), and in vitro studies characterizing EEEV (111). Fewer articles evaluated the accuracy of diagnostic tests (63), the efficacy of mitigation strategies (62), transmission dynamics (56), treatment of EEEV in hosts (10), societal knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions (4), and economic burden (2). Conclusion: With the projected impact of climate change on mosquito populations, it is expected that the risk of EEEV could change resulting in higher disease burden or spread into previously unaffected areas. Future research efforts should focus on closing some of the important knowledge gaps identified in this ScR. Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers 2021-05-01 2021-04-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8086401/ /pubmed/33332203 http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2020.2671 Text en © Tricia Corrin et al. 2021; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License [CC-BY-NC] (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) ) which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are cited.
spellingShingle Review
Corrin, Tricia
Ackford, Rachel
Mascarenhas, Mariola
Greig, Judy
Waddell, Lisa A.
Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus: A Scoping Review of the Global Evidence
title Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus: A Scoping Review of the Global Evidence
title_full Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus: A Scoping Review of the Global Evidence
title_fullStr Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus: A Scoping Review of the Global Evidence
title_full_unstemmed Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus: A Scoping Review of the Global Evidence
title_short Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus: A Scoping Review of the Global Evidence
title_sort eastern equine encephalitis virus: a scoping review of the global evidence
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8086401/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33332203
http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2020.2671
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