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Planting Density Affects Panax notoginseng Growth and Ginsenoside Accumulation by Balancing Primary and Secondary Metabolism

Adjusting planting density is a common agricultural practice used to achieve maximum yields. However, whether the quality of medicinal herbs can be improved by implementing appropriate planting densities is still uncertain. The medicinal crop Panax notoginseng was used to analyze the effects of plan...

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Autores principales: Liu, Haijiao, Gu, Hongrui, Ye, Chen, Guo, Cunwu, Zhu, Yifan, Huang, Huichuan, Liu, Yixiang, He, Xiahong, Yang, Min, Zhu, Shusheng
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8086637/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33936125
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.628294
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author Liu, Haijiao
Gu, Hongrui
Ye, Chen
Guo, Cunwu
Zhu, Yifan
Huang, Huichuan
Liu, Yixiang
He, Xiahong
Yang, Min
Zhu, Shusheng
author_facet Liu, Haijiao
Gu, Hongrui
Ye, Chen
Guo, Cunwu
Zhu, Yifan
Huang, Huichuan
Liu, Yixiang
He, Xiahong
Yang, Min
Zhu, Shusheng
author_sort Liu, Haijiao
collection PubMed
description Adjusting planting density is a common agricultural practice used to achieve maximum yields. However, whether the quality of medicinal herbs can be improved by implementing appropriate planting densities is still uncertain. The medicinal crop Panax notoginseng was used to analyze the effects of planting density on growth and ginsenoside accumulation, and the possible mechanisms of these effects were revealed through metabonomics. The results showed that P. notoginseng achieved high ginsenoside accumulation at high planting densities (8 × 8 and 10 × 10 cm), while simultaneously achieved high biomass and ginsenoside accumulation at moderate planting density of 15 × 15 cm. At the moderate planting density, the primary metabolism (starch and sucrose metabolism) and secondary metabolism (the biosynthesis of phytohormone IAA and ginsenoside) of the plants were significantly enhanced. However, the strong intraspecific competition at the high planting densities resulted in stress as well as the accumulation of phytohormones (SA and JA), antioxidants (gentiobiose, oxalic acid, dehydroascorbic acid) and other stress resistance-related metabolites. Interestingly, the dry biomass and ginsenoside content were significantly lower at low densities (20 × 20 and 30 × 30 cm) with low intraspecific competition, which disturbed normal carbohydrate metabolism by upregulating galactose metabolism. In summary, an appropriate planting density was benefit for the growth and accumulation of ginsenosides in P. notoginseng by balancing primary metabolism and secondary metabolism.
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spelling pubmed-80866372021-05-01 Planting Density Affects Panax notoginseng Growth and Ginsenoside Accumulation by Balancing Primary and Secondary Metabolism Liu, Haijiao Gu, Hongrui Ye, Chen Guo, Cunwu Zhu, Yifan Huang, Huichuan Liu, Yixiang He, Xiahong Yang, Min Zhu, Shusheng Front Plant Sci Plant Science Adjusting planting density is a common agricultural practice used to achieve maximum yields. However, whether the quality of medicinal herbs can be improved by implementing appropriate planting densities is still uncertain. The medicinal crop Panax notoginseng was used to analyze the effects of planting density on growth and ginsenoside accumulation, and the possible mechanisms of these effects were revealed through metabonomics. The results showed that P. notoginseng achieved high ginsenoside accumulation at high planting densities (8 × 8 and 10 × 10 cm), while simultaneously achieved high biomass and ginsenoside accumulation at moderate planting density of 15 × 15 cm. At the moderate planting density, the primary metabolism (starch and sucrose metabolism) and secondary metabolism (the biosynthesis of phytohormone IAA and ginsenoside) of the plants were significantly enhanced. However, the strong intraspecific competition at the high planting densities resulted in stress as well as the accumulation of phytohormones (SA and JA), antioxidants (gentiobiose, oxalic acid, dehydroascorbic acid) and other stress resistance-related metabolites. Interestingly, the dry biomass and ginsenoside content were significantly lower at low densities (20 × 20 and 30 × 30 cm) with low intraspecific competition, which disturbed normal carbohydrate metabolism by upregulating galactose metabolism. In summary, an appropriate planting density was benefit for the growth and accumulation of ginsenosides in P. notoginseng by balancing primary metabolism and secondary metabolism. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-04-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8086637/ /pubmed/33936125 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.628294 Text en Copyright © 2021 Liu, Gu, Ye, Guo, Zhu, Huang, Liu, He, Yang and Zhu. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Liu, Haijiao
Gu, Hongrui
Ye, Chen
Guo, Cunwu
Zhu, Yifan
Huang, Huichuan
Liu, Yixiang
He, Xiahong
Yang, Min
Zhu, Shusheng
Planting Density Affects Panax notoginseng Growth and Ginsenoside Accumulation by Balancing Primary and Secondary Metabolism
title Planting Density Affects Panax notoginseng Growth and Ginsenoside Accumulation by Balancing Primary and Secondary Metabolism
title_full Planting Density Affects Panax notoginseng Growth and Ginsenoside Accumulation by Balancing Primary and Secondary Metabolism
title_fullStr Planting Density Affects Panax notoginseng Growth and Ginsenoside Accumulation by Balancing Primary and Secondary Metabolism
title_full_unstemmed Planting Density Affects Panax notoginseng Growth and Ginsenoside Accumulation by Balancing Primary and Secondary Metabolism
title_short Planting Density Affects Panax notoginseng Growth and Ginsenoside Accumulation by Balancing Primary and Secondary Metabolism
title_sort planting density affects panax notoginseng growth and ginsenoside accumulation by balancing primary and secondary metabolism
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8086637/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33936125
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.628294
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