Evidenzbasierte Public Health: Perspektiven und spezifische Umsetzungsfaktoren

An evidence-based approach is considered a central requirement in the public health system. Five general principles apply in evidence-based medicine as well as in evidence-based public health (EBPH). These comprise a systematic approach, transparency in relation to uncertainty, integration and participation, management of conflicts of interest, and a structured, reflective process. This article aims to promote a common understanding of what taking an evidence-based approach entails in the field of public health. We explored the international understanding of EBPH through systematic literature searches of definitions, concepts, and models regarding an evidence-based approach in public health. In this manner, 20 English sources and one German source were identified and examined using content analysis. Beyond the above-described general principles, characteristics of these perspectives are concerned with a population orientation, the underlying concept of evidence, disciplines, and stakeholder groups to be involved in the process, as well as relevant criteria and necessary competencies for implementing an evidence-based approach. Based on this, and taking into account methodological developments to address complexity, four specific implementation factors of EBPH can be derived. These include theory, interdisciplinarity, context-sensitivity, and complexity as well as general societal aspects. The practical implementation of EBPH requires human and financial resources as well as competencies – among others, for conducting systematic reviews of the effectiveness of measures, examining other relevant questions in a scientific manner, and establishing transparent processes to formulate recommendations.