Identification and characterization of HAK/KUP/KT potassium transporter gene family in barley and their expression under abiotic stress

BACKGROUND: HAK/KUP/KT (High-affinity K(+) transporters/K(+) uptake permeases/K(+) transporters) is the largest potassium transporter family in plants, and plays pivotal roles in K(+) uptake and transport, as well as biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, our understanding of the gene family in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is quite limited. RESULTS: In the present study, we identified 27 barley HAK/KUP/KT genes (hereafter called HvHAKs) through a genome-wide analysis. These HvHAKs were unevenly distributed on seven chromosomes, and could be phylogenetically classified into four clusters. All HvHAK protein sequences possessed the conserved motifs and domains. However, the substantial difference existed among HAK members in cis-acting elements and tissue expression patterns. Wheat had the most orthologous genes to barley HAKs, followed by Brachypodium distachyon, rice and maize. In addition, six barley HAK genes were selected to investigate their expression profiling in response to three abiotic stresses by qRT-PCR, and their expression levels were all up-regulated under salt, hyperosmotic and potassium deficiency treatments. CONCLUSION: Twenty seven HAK genes (HvHAKs) were identified in barley, and they differ in tissue expression patterns and responses to salt stress, drought stress and potassium deficiency. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07633-y.