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Adiposity Profiles and Insulin Resistance in Urban and Rural Indonesian Young Adults and Its Association With Gut Inflammation Marker Lipocalin-2

Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence are increasing worldwide, including in the young adult population. In general, the prevalence is higher in urban than in rural. Relatively higher calories and fat intake with more sedentary lifestyle in urban population can cause a surplus in energy homeo...

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Autores principales: Kurniawan, Farid, Deaningtyas, Primasari, Tahapary, Dicky Levenus, Purnamasari, Dyah, Pradnjaparamita, Tika, BioMed, M, Harbuwono, Dante Saksono, Sartono, Erliyani, Yazdanbakhsh, Maria, Soewondo, Pradana
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2021
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8089177/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.005
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author Kurniawan, Farid
Deaningtyas, Primasari
Tahapary, Dicky Levenus
Purnamasari, Dyah
Pradnjaparamita, Tika
BioMed, M
Harbuwono, Dante Saksono
Sartono, Erliyani
Yazdanbakhsh, Maria
Soewondo, Pradana
author_facet Kurniawan, Farid
Deaningtyas, Primasari
Tahapary, Dicky Levenus
Purnamasari, Dyah
Pradnjaparamita, Tika
BioMed, M
Harbuwono, Dante Saksono
Sartono, Erliyani
Yazdanbakhsh, Maria
Soewondo, Pradana
author_sort Kurniawan, Farid
collection PubMed
description Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence are increasing worldwide, including in the young adult population. In general, the prevalence is higher in urban than in rural. Relatively higher calories and fat intake with more sedentary lifestyle in urban population can cause a surplus in energy homeostasis that will eventually be stored as body fat. This change might influence the gut environment, which based on recent studies, could interact with the immune system leading to inflammation and contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and T2D. Our study aimed to assess the differences in adiposity profiles and insulin resistance between urban and rural Indonesian young adults and its association with serum lipocalin-2, a marker for systemic and gut inflammation. In this study, 242 individuals from urban and 233 subjects originating from rural areas were recruited. Anthropometry measurements, including body height, weight, and waist circumference (WC), were conducted. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from the body height and weight. Fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin were also measured, from which a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated as a surrogate marker for whole body insulin resistance. Meanwhile, serum lipocalin-2 was measured by ELISA. Urban subjects had higher BMI and WC compared to rural counterparts [mean diff. (95% CI): 1.71 (0.99;2.43) kg/m(2), P<0.001 and 4.4 (2.6;6.2) cm, P<0.001), respectively]. Additionally, HOMA-IR was also higher in urban than rural subjects [0.12 (0.008;0.24), P=0.04, after adjusted for age, sex, and BMI]. Lower serum lipocalin-2 level was observed in urban compared to rural individuals [-74.09 (-96.95-51.23) ng/mL, P<0.001]. However, no significant correlations were observed between serum lipocalin-2 with BMI, WC, or HOMA-IR (r=-0.06, P=0.19; r=-0.08, P=0.10; r=-0.002, P=0.96, respectively). The findings of worse adiposity profiles and insulin resistance in urban than rural subjects were consistent with the results observed in previous studies. Higher intestinal inflammation in rural subjects, as shown by higher serum lipocalin-2, could be caused by presumably a higher rate of chronic and recurrent intestinal infection usually found in people living in rural areas. These could indirectly affect the nutrient uptake and eventually contribute to the lower adiposity and insulin resistance in the rural population, apart from the relatively lower calories and fat intake in their diet. Therefore, further study that incorporate dietary intake analysis and assay for intestinal infection are warranted to confirm this hypothesis.
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spelling pubmed-80891772021-05-06 Adiposity Profiles and Insulin Resistance in Urban and Rural Indonesian Young Adults and Its Association With Gut Inflammation Marker Lipocalin-2 Kurniawan, Farid Deaningtyas, Primasari Tahapary, Dicky Levenus Purnamasari, Dyah Pradnjaparamita, Tika BioMed, M Harbuwono, Dante Saksono Sartono, Erliyani Yazdanbakhsh, Maria Soewondo, Pradana J Endocr Soc Adipose Tissue, Appetite, and Obesity Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence are increasing worldwide, including in the young adult population. In general, the prevalence is higher in urban than in rural. Relatively higher calories and fat intake with more sedentary lifestyle in urban population can cause a surplus in energy homeostasis that will eventually be stored as body fat. This change might influence the gut environment, which based on recent studies, could interact with the immune system leading to inflammation and contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and T2D. Our study aimed to assess the differences in adiposity profiles and insulin resistance between urban and rural Indonesian young adults and its association with serum lipocalin-2, a marker for systemic and gut inflammation. In this study, 242 individuals from urban and 233 subjects originating from rural areas were recruited. Anthropometry measurements, including body height, weight, and waist circumference (WC), were conducted. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from the body height and weight. Fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin were also measured, from which a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated as a surrogate marker for whole body insulin resistance. Meanwhile, serum lipocalin-2 was measured by ELISA. Urban subjects had higher BMI and WC compared to rural counterparts [mean diff. (95% CI): 1.71 (0.99;2.43) kg/m(2), P<0.001 and 4.4 (2.6;6.2) cm, P<0.001), respectively]. Additionally, HOMA-IR was also higher in urban than rural subjects [0.12 (0.008;0.24), P=0.04, after adjusted for age, sex, and BMI]. Lower serum lipocalin-2 level was observed in urban compared to rural individuals [-74.09 (-96.95-51.23) ng/mL, P<0.001]. However, no significant correlations were observed between serum lipocalin-2 with BMI, WC, or HOMA-IR (r=-0.06, P=0.19; r=-0.08, P=0.10; r=-0.002, P=0.96, respectively). The findings of worse adiposity profiles and insulin resistance in urban than rural subjects were consistent with the results observed in previous studies. Higher intestinal inflammation in rural subjects, as shown by higher serum lipocalin-2, could be caused by presumably a higher rate of chronic and recurrent intestinal infection usually found in people living in rural areas. These could indirectly affect the nutrient uptake and eventually contribute to the lower adiposity and insulin resistance in the rural population, apart from the relatively lower calories and fat intake in their diet. Therefore, further study that incorporate dietary intake analysis and assay for intestinal infection are warranted to confirm this hypothesis. Oxford University Press 2021-05-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8089177/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.005 Text en © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) ), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
spellingShingle Adipose Tissue, Appetite, and Obesity
Kurniawan, Farid
Deaningtyas, Primasari
Tahapary, Dicky Levenus
Purnamasari, Dyah
Pradnjaparamita, Tika
BioMed, M
Harbuwono, Dante Saksono
Sartono, Erliyani
Yazdanbakhsh, Maria
Soewondo, Pradana
Adiposity Profiles and Insulin Resistance in Urban and Rural Indonesian Young Adults and Its Association With Gut Inflammation Marker Lipocalin-2
title Adiposity Profiles and Insulin Resistance in Urban and Rural Indonesian Young Adults and Its Association With Gut Inflammation Marker Lipocalin-2
title_full Adiposity Profiles and Insulin Resistance in Urban and Rural Indonesian Young Adults and Its Association With Gut Inflammation Marker Lipocalin-2
title_fullStr Adiposity Profiles and Insulin Resistance in Urban and Rural Indonesian Young Adults and Its Association With Gut Inflammation Marker Lipocalin-2
title_full_unstemmed Adiposity Profiles and Insulin Resistance in Urban and Rural Indonesian Young Adults and Its Association With Gut Inflammation Marker Lipocalin-2
title_short Adiposity Profiles and Insulin Resistance in Urban and Rural Indonesian Young Adults and Its Association With Gut Inflammation Marker Lipocalin-2
title_sort adiposity profiles and insulin resistance in urban and rural indonesian young adults and its association with gut inflammation marker lipocalin-2
topic Adipose Tissue, Appetite, and Obesity
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8089177/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.005
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