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Recombinant Paraprobiotics as a New Paradigm for Treating Gastrointestinal Nematode Parasites of Humans
Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) of humans, e.g., hookworms, negatively impact childhood growth, cognition, nutrition, educational attainment, income, productivity, and pregnancy. Hundreds of millions of people are targeted with mass drug administration (MDA) of donated benzimidazole anthelmintics....
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Society for Microbiology
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8092541/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33318013 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01469-20 |
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author | Li, Hanchen Abraham, Ambily Gazzola, David Hu, Yan Beamer, Gillian Flanagan, Kelly Soto, Ernesto Rus, Florentina Mirza, Zeynep Draper, Austin Vakalapudi, Sridhar Stockman, Cheryl Bain, Perry Urban, Joseph F. Ostroff, Gary R. Aroian, Raffi V. |
author_facet | Li, Hanchen Abraham, Ambily Gazzola, David Hu, Yan Beamer, Gillian Flanagan, Kelly Soto, Ernesto Rus, Florentina Mirza, Zeynep Draper, Austin Vakalapudi, Sridhar Stockman, Cheryl Bain, Perry Urban, Joseph F. Ostroff, Gary R. Aroian, Raffi V. |
author_sort | Li, Hanchen |
collection | PubMed |
description | Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) of humans, e.g., hookworms, negatively impact childhood growth, cognition, nutrition, educational attainment, income, productivity, and pregnancy. Hundreds of millions of people are targeted with mass drug administration (MDA) of donated benzimidazole anthelmintics. However, benzimidazole efficacy against GINs is suboptimal, and reduced/low efficacy has been seen. Developing an anthelmintic for human MDA is daunting: it must be safe, effective, inexpensive, stable without a cold chain, and massively scalable. Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein 5B (Cry5B) has anthelmintic properties that could fill this void. Here, we developed an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) containing B. thuringiensis Cry5B compatible with MDA. We expressed Cry5B in asporogenous B. thuringiensis during vegetative phase, forming cytosolic crystals. These bacteria with cytosolic crystals (BaCC) were rendered inviable (inactivated BaCC [IBaCC]) with food-grade essential oils. IBaCC potency was validated in vitro against nematodes. IBaCC was also potent in vivo against human hookworm infections in hamsters. IBaCC production was successfully scaled to 350 liters at a contract manufacturing facility. A simple fit-for-purpose formulation to protect against stomach digestion and powdered IBaCC were successfully made and used against GINs in hamsters and mice. A pilot histopathology study and blood chemistry workup showed that five daily consecutive doses of 200 mg/kg body weight Cry5B IBaCC (the curative single dose is 40 mg/kg) was nontoxic to hamsters and completely safe. IBaCC is a safe, inexpensive, highly effective, easy-to-manufacture, and scalable anthelmintic that is practical for MDA and represents a new paradigm for treating human GINs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8092541 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80925412021-05-05 Recombinant Paraprobiotics as a New Paradigm for Treating Gastrointestinal Nematode Parasites of Humans Li, Hanchen Abraham, Ambily Gazzola, David Hu, Yan Beamer, Gillian Flanagan, Kelly Soto, Ernesto Rus, Florentina Mirza, Zeynep Draper, Austin Vakalapudi, Sridhar Stockman, Cheryl Bain, Perry Urban, Joseph F. Ostroff, Gary R. Aroian, Raffi V. Antimicrob Agents Chemother Experimental Therapeutics Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) of humans, e.g., hookworms, negatively impact childhood growth, cognition, nutrition, educational attainment, income, productivity, and pregnancy. Hundreds of millions of people are targeted with mass drug administration (MDA) of donated benzimidazole anthelmintics. However, benzimidazole efficacy against GINs is suboptimal, and reduced/low efficacy has been seen. Developing an anthelmintic for human MDA is daunting: it must be safe, effective, inexpensive, stable without a cold chain, and massively scalable. Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein 5B (Cry5B) has anthelmintic properties that could fill this void. Here, we developed an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) containing B. thuringiensis Cry5B compatible with MDA. We expressed Cry5B in asporogenous B. thuringiensis during vegetative phase, forming cytosolic crystals. These bacteria with cytosolic crystals (BaCC) were rendered inviable (inactivated BaCC [IBaCC]) with food-grade essential oils. IBaCC potency was validated in vitro against nematodes. IBaCC was also potent in vivo against human hookworm infections in hamsters. IBaCC production was successfully scaled to 350 liters at a contract manufacturing facility. A simple fit-for-purpose formulation to protect against stomach digestion and powdered IBaCC were successfully made and used against GINs in hamsters and mice. A pilot histopathology study and blood chemistry workup showed that five daily consecutive doses of 200 mg/kg body weight Cry5B IBaCC (the curative single dose is 40 mg/kg) was nontoxic to hamsters and completely safe. IBaCC is a safe, inexpensive, highly effective, easy-to-manufacture, and scalable anthelmintic that is practical for MDA and represents a new paradigm for treating human GINs. American Society for Microbiology 2021-02-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8092541/ /pubmed/33318013 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01469-20 Text en Copyright © 2021 Li et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Experimental Therapeutics Li, Hanchen Abraham, Ambily Gazzola, David Hu, Yan Beamer, Gillian Flanagan, Kelly Soto, Ernesto Rus, Florentina Mirza, Zeynep Draper, Austin Vakalapudi, Sridhar Stockman, Cheryl Bain, Perry Urban, Joseph F. Ostroff, Gary R. Aroian, Raffi V. Recombinant Paraprobiotics as a New Paradigm for Treating Gastrointestinal Nematode Parasites of Humans |
title | Recombinant Paraprobiotics as a New Paradigm for Treating Gastrointestinal Nematode Parasites of Humans |
title_full | Recombinant Paraprobiotics as a New Paradigm for Treating Gastrointestinal Nematode Parasites of Humans |
title_fullStr | Recombinant Paraprobiotics as a New Paradigm for Treating Gastrointestinal Nematode Parasites of Humans |
title_full_unstemmed | Recombinant Paraprobiotics as a New Paradigm for Treating Gastrointestinal Nematode Parasites of Humans |
title_short | Recombinant Paraprobiotics as a New Paradigm for Treating Gastrointestinal Nematode Parasites of Humans |
title_sort | recombinant paraprobiotics as a new paradigm for treating gastrointestinal nematode parasites of humans |
topic | Experimental Therapeutics |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8092541/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33318013 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01469-20 |
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