A New Paradigm for Clinical Nutrition Services in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

The role of clinical nutrition services is emphasized in the care of chronic diseases; the prevalence of chronic diseases continues to increase due to the living environment change, westernized dietary life and the aging population in Korea. The effectiveness of clinical nutrition services in the treatment of diseases in inpatients has been demonstrated in several studies. However, in recent days, innovative changes are pursued in clinical nutrition services through a convergence with information and communication technology (ICT), a core technology of the fourth industrial revolution such as big data, deep learning, and artificial intelligence (AI). The health care environment is changing from a medical treatment-oriented service to a preventive and personalized paradigm. Furthermore, we live in an era of personalization where we can personalize dietary aspects including food choice, cooking recipes, and nutrition in daily life. In addition, ICT technology can build a personalized nutrition platform in consideration of individual patient's diseases, genetic trait, and environment, all of which can be technical means in personalized nutrition management services. Personalized nutrition based on ICT technology is able to provide more standardized and high-quality clinical nutrition services to the patients. The purpose of this review is to examine the core technologies of the fourth industrial revolution affecting clinical nutrition services, and ultimately discuss how clinical nutrition professional should respond to ICT technology-related fields in the era of the new technological innovations.