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State of Post-injury First Response Systems in Nepal—A Nationwide Survey

Injuries account for 9.2% of all deaths and 9.9% of the total disability-adjusted life years in Nepal. To date, there has not been a systematic assessment of the status of first response systems in Nepal. An online survey was cascaded through government, non-governmental organisations and academic n...

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Autores principales: Banstola, Amrit, Smart, Gary, Raut, Raju, Ghimire, Krishna Prasad, Pant, Puspa Raj, Joshi, Prerita, Joshi, Sunil Kumar, Mytton, Julie
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8093375/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33959578
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.607127
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author Banstola, Amrit
Smart, Gary
Raut, Raju
Ghimire, Krishna Prasad
Pant, Puspa Raj
Joshi, Prerita
Joshi, Sunil Kumar
Mytton, Julie
author_facet Banstola, Amrit
Smart, Gary
Raut, Raju
Ghimire, Krishna Prasad
Pant, Puspa Raj
Joshi, Prerita
Joshi, Sunil Kumar
Mytton, Julie
author_sort Banstola, Amrit
collection PubMed
description Injuries account for 9.2% of all deaths and 9.9% of the total disability-adjusted life years in Nepal. To date, there has not been a systematic assessment of the status of first response systems in Nepal. An online survey was cascaded through government, non-governmental organisations and academic networks to identify first response providers across Nepal. Identified organisations were invited to complete a questionnaire to explore the services, personnel, equipment, and resources in these organisations, their first aid training activities and whether the organisation evaluated their first response services and training. Of 28 organisations identified, 17 (61%) completed the questionnaire. The range of services offered varied considerably; 15 (88.2%) provided first aid training, 9 (52.9%) provided treatment at the scene and 5 (29.4%) provided full emergency medical services with assessment, treatment and transport to a health facility. Only 8 (47.1%) of providers had an ambulance, with 6 (35.3%) offering transportation without an ambulance. Of 13 first aid training providers, 7 (53.8%) evaluated skill retention and 6 (46.2%) assessed health outcomes of patients. The length of a training course varied from 1 to 16 days and costs from US$4.0 to 430.0 per participant. There was a variation among training providers in who they train, how they train, and whether they evaluate that training. No standardisation existed for either first aid training or provision of care at the scene of an injury. This survey suggests that coordination and leadership will be required to develop an effective first response system across the country.
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spelling pubmed-80933752021-05-05 State of Post-injury First Response Systems in Nepal—A Nationwide Survey Banstola, Amrit Smart, Gary Raut, Raju Ghimire, Krishna Prasad Pant, Puspa Raj Joshi, Prerita Joshi, Sunil Kumar Mytton, Julie Front Public Health Public Health Injuries account for 9.2% of all deaths and 9.9% of the total disability-adjusted life years in Nepal. To date, there has not been a systematic assessment of the status of first response systems in Nepal. An online survey was cascaded through government, non-governmental organisations and academic networks to identify first response providers across Nepal. Identified organisations were invited to complete a questionnaire to explore the services, personnel, equipment, and resources in these organisations, their first aid training activities and whether the organisation evaluated their first response services and training. Of 28 organisations identified, 17 (61%) completed the questionnaire. The range of services offered varied considerably; 15 (88.2%) provided first aid training, 9 (52.9%) provided treatment at the scene and 5 (29.4%) provided full emergency medical services with assessment, treatment and transport to a health facility. Only 8 (47.1%) of providers had an ambulance, with 6 (35.3%) offering transportation without an ambulance. Of 13 first aid training providers, 7 (53.8%) evaluated skill retention and 6 (46.2%) assessed health outcomes of patients. The length of a training course varied from 1 to 16 days and costs from US$4.0 to 430.0 per participant. There was a variation among training providers in who they train, how they train, and whether they evaluate that training. No standardisation existed for either first aid training or provision of care at the scene of an injury. This survey suggests that coordination and leadership will be required to develop an effective first response system across the country. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-04-20 /pmc/articles/PMC8093375/ /pubmed/33959578 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.607127 Text en Copyright © 2021 Banstola, Smart, Raut, Ghimire, Pant, Joshi, Joshi and Mytton. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Public Health
Banstola, Amrit
Smart, Gary
Raut, Raju
Ghimire, Krishna Prasad
Pant, Puspa Raj
Joshi, Prerita
Joshi, Sunil Kumar
Mytton, Julie
State of Post-injury First Response Systems in Nepal—A Nationwide Survey
title State of Post-injury First Response Systems in Nepal—A Nationwide Survey
title_full State of Post-injury First Response Systems in Nepal—A Nationwide Survey
title_fullStr State of Post-injury First Response Systems in Nepal—A Nationwide Survey
title_full_unstemmed State of Post-injury First Response Systems in Nepal—A Nationwide Survey
title_short State of Post-injury First Response Systems in Nepal—A Nationwide Survey
title_sort state of post-injury first response systems in nepal—a nationwide survey
topic Public Health
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8093375/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33959578
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.607127
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