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Comparative gut content analysis of invasive mosquitofish from Italy and Spain

Eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) are among the most widely introduced freshwater species globally. To gain a better understanding of feeding patterns in non‐native populations, and which local factors may influence them at the population level, we carried out gut content analysis on 163 spe...

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Autores principales: Pirroni, Sara, de Pennafort Dezen, Laura, Santi, Francesco, Riesch, Rüdiger
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8093736/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33976817
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7334
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author Pirroni, Sara
de Pennafort Dezen, Laura
Santi, Francesco
Riesch, Rüdiger
author_facet Pirroni, Sara
de Pennafort Dezen, Laura
Santi, Francesco
Riesch, Rüdiger
author_sort Pirroni, Sara
collection PubMed
description Eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) are among the most widely introduced freshwater species globally. To gain a better understanding of feeding patterns in non‐native populations, and which local factors may influence them at the population level, we carried out gut content analysis on 163 specimens from nine invasive populations in Italy and Spain. Based on previous studies, we predicted that (a) mosquitofish are omnivores with a preference for detritus and cladocerans; (b) they display size‐ and population‐specific differences in gut morphologies and diet, with larger fish feeding more intensively over a wider range of prey items; and (c) some of the variation would be associated with differences in local environmental and climatic factors. Our results confirmed our first prediction, because mosquitofish fed on a variety of diet items, among which detritus and Cladocera dominated. However, not a single diet item was shared among all populations. Congruent with our second prediction, we further identified size‐ and population‐specific differences in the occurrence of some diet items and gut morphologies. However, observed patterns in dietary habits did not seem to be driven by the environmental and climatic variables we had quantified. The fairly variable diet likely aids invasion success and helps explain the ubiquity of invasive mosquitofish across Italy and Spain, as mosquitofish seem to be able to rely on whatever a local habitat provides. We further propose that size‐specific differences likely capture the substantial sexual size dimorphism (males are smaller than females), while population‐specific differences are likely the result of differences in local prey abundance. The lack of an influence of temperature on dietary habits suggests that mosquitofish feeding ecology may be less impacted by rising temperatures than other freshwater fish species. If true, then this suggests climate change‐induced effects may further exacerbate the competitive superiority of mosquitofish over native species in the future.
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spelling pubmed-80937362021-05-10 Comparative gut content analysis of invasive mosquitofish from Italy and Spain Pirroni, Sara de Pennafort Dezen, Laura Santi, Francesco Riesch, Rüdiger Ecol Evol Original Research Eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) are among the most widely introduced freshwater species globally. To gain a better understanding of feeding patterns in non‐native populations, and which local factors may influence them at the population level, we carried out gut content analysis on 163 specimens from nine invasive populations in Italy and Spain. Based on previous studies, we predicted that (a) mosquitofish are omnivores with a preference for detritus and cladocerans; (b) they display size‐ and population‐specific differences in gut morphologies and diet, with larger fish feeding more intensively over a wider range of prey items; and (c) some of the variation would be associated with differences in local environmental and climatic factors. Our results confirmed our first prediction, because mosquitofish fed on a variety of diet items, among which detritus and Cladocera dominated. However, not a single diet item was shared among all populations. Congruent with our second prediction, we further identified size‐ and population‐specific differences in the occurrence of some diet items and gut morphologies. However, observed patterns in dietary habits did not seem to be driven by the environmental and climatic variables we had quantified. The fairly variable diet likely aids invasion success and helps explain the ubiquity of invasive mosquitofish across Italy and Spain, as mosquitofish seem to be able to rely on whatever a local habitat provides. We further propose that size‐specific differences likely capture the substantial sexual size dimorphism (males are smaller than females), while population‐specific differences are likely the result of differences in local prey abundance. The lack of an influence of temperature on dietary habits suggests that mosquitofish feeding ecology may be less impacted by rising temperatures than other freshwater fish species. If true, then this suggests climate change‐induced effects may further exacerbate the competitive superiority of mosquitofish over native species in the future. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021-03-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8093736/ /pubmed/33976817 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7334 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Research
Pirroni, Sara
de Pennafort Dezen, Laura
Santi, Francesco
Riesch, Rüdiger
Comparative gut content analysis of invasive mosquitofish from Italy and Spain
title Comparative gut content analysis of invasive mosquitofish from Italy and Spain
title_full Comparative gut content analysis of invasive mosquitofish from Italy and Spain
title_fullStr Comparative gut content analysis of invasive mosquitofish from Italy and Spain
title_full_unstemmed Comparative gut content analysis of invasive mosquitofish from Italy and Spain
title_short Comparative gut content analysis of invasive mosquitofish from Italy and Spain
title_sort comparative gut content analysis of invasive mosquitofish from italy and spain
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8093736/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33976817
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7334
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