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AaPKAc Regulates Differentiation of Infection Structures Induced by Physicochemical Signals From Pear Fruit Cuticular Wax, Secondary Metabolism, and Pathogenicity of Alternaria alternata

Alternaria alternata, the casual agent of black rot of pear fruit, can sense and respond to the physicochemical cues from the host surface and form infection structures during infection. To evaluate the role of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (cAMP-PKA) signaling in surface sensing of A. alterna...

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Autores principales: Zhang, Miao, Li, Yongcai, Wang, Tiaolan, Bi, Yang, Li, Rong, Huang, Yi, Mao, Renyan, Jiang, Qianqian, Liu, Yongxiang, Prusky, Dov B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8096925/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33968101
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.642601
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author Zhang, Miao
Li, Yongcai
Wang, Tiaolan
Bi, Yang
Li, Rong
Huang, Yi
Mao, Renyan
Jiang, Qianqian
Liu, Yongxiang
Prusky, Dov B.
author_facet Zhang, Miao
Li, Yongcai
Wang, Tiaolan
Bi, Yang
Li, Rong
Huang, Yi
Mao, Renyan
Jiang, Qianqian
Liu, Yongxiang
Prusky, Dov B.
author_sort Zhang, Miao
collection PubMed
description Alternaria alternata, the casual agent of black rot of pear fruit, can sense and respond to the physicochemical cues from the host surface and form infection structures during infection. To evaluate the role of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (cAMP-PKA) signaling in surface sensing of A. alternata, we isolated and functionally characterized the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase A catalytic subunit gene (AaPKAc). Gene expression results showed that AaPKAc was strongly expressed during the early stages of appressorium formation on hydrophobic surfaces. Knockout mutants ΔAaPKAc were generated by replacing the target genes via homologous recombination events. We found that intracellular cAMP content increased but PKA content decreased in ΔAaPKAc mutant strain. Appressorium formation and infection hyphae were reduced in the ΔAaPKAc mutant strain, and the ability of the ΔAaPKAc mutant strain to recognize and respond to high hydrophobicity surfaces and different surface waxes was lower than in the wild type (WT) strain. In comparison with the WT strain, the appressorium formation rate of the ΔAaPKAc mutant strain on high hydrophobicity and fruit wax extract surface was reduced by 31.6 and 49.3% 4 h after incubation, respectively. In addition, AaPKAc is required for the hypha growth, biomass, pathogenicity, and toxin production of A. alternata. However, AaPKAc negatively regulated conidia formation, melanin production, and osmotic stress resistance. Collectively, AaPKAc is required for pre-penetration, developmental, physiological, and pathological processes in A. alternata.
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spelling pubmed-80969252021-05-06 AaPKAc Regulates Differentiation of Infection Structures Induced by Physicochemical Signals From Pear Fruit Cuticular Wax, Secondary Metabolism, and Pathogenicity of Alternaria alternata Zhang, Miao Li, Yongcai Wang, Tiaolan Bi, Yang Li, Rong Huang, Yi Mao, Renyan Jiang, Qianqian Liu, Yongxiang Prusky, Dov B. Front Plant Sci Plant Science Alternaria alternata, the casual agent of black rot of pear fruit, can sense and respond to the physicochemical cues from the host surface and form infection structures during infection. To evaluate the role of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (cAMP-PKA) signaling in surface sensing of A. alternata, we isolated and functionally characterized the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase A catalytic subunit gene (AaPKAc). Gene expression results showed that AaPKAc was strongly expressed during the early stages of appressorium formation on hydrophobic surfaces. Knockout mutants ΔAaPKAc were generated by replacing the target genes via homologous recombination events. We found that intracellular cAMP content increased but PKA content decreased in ΔAaPKAc mutant strain. Appressorium formation and infection hyphae were reduced in the ΔAaPKAc mutant strain, and the ability of the ΔAaPKAc mutant strain to recognize and respond to high hydrophobicity surfaces and different surface waxes was lower than in the wild type (WT) strain. In comparison with the WT strain, the appressorium formation rate of the ΔAaPKAc mutant strain on high hydrophobicity and fruit wax extract surface was reduced by 31.6 and 49.3% 4 h after incubation, respectively. In addition, AaPKAc is required for the hypha growth, biomass, pathogenicity, and toxin production of A. alternata. However, AaPKAc negatively regulated conidia formation, melanin production, and osmotic stress resistance. Collectively, AaPKAc is required for pre-penetration, developmental, physiological, and pathological processes in A. alternata. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-04-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8096925/ /pubmed/33968101 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.642601 Text en Copyright © 2021 Zhang, Li, Wang, Bi, Li, Huang, Mao, Jiang, Liu and Prusky. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Zhang, Miao
Li, Yongcai
Wang, Tiaolan
Bi, Yang
Li, Rong
Huang, Yi
Mao, Renyan
Jiang, Qianqian
Liu, Yongxiang
Prusky, Dov B.
AaPKAc Regulates Differentiation of Infection Structures Induced by Physicochemical Signals From Pear Fruit Cuticular Wax, Secondary Metabolism, and Pathogenicity of Alternaria alternata
title AaPKAc Regulates Differentiation of Infection Structures Induced by Physicochemical Signals From Pear Fruit Cuticular Wax, Secondary Metabolism, and Pathogenicity of Alternaria alternata
title_full AaPKAc Regulates Differentiation of Infection Structures Induced by Physicochemical Signals From Pear Fruit Cuticular Wax, Secondary Metabolism, and Pathogenicity of Alternaria alternata
title_fullStr AaPKAc Regulates Differentiation of Infection Structures Induced by Physicochemical Signals From Pear Fruit Cuticular Wax, Secondary Metabolism, and Pathogenicity of Alternaria alternata
title_full_unstemmed AaPKAc Regulates Differentiation of Infection Structures Induced by Physicochemical Signals From Pear Fruit Cuticular Wax, Secondary Metabolism, and Pathogenicity of Alternaria alternata
title_short AaPKAc Regulates Differentiation of Infection Structures Induced by Physicochemical Signals From Pear Fruit Cuticular Wax, Secondary Metabolism, and Pathogenicity of Alternaria alternata
title_sort aapkac regulates differentiation of infection structures induced by physicochemical signals from pear fruit cuticular wax, secondary metabolism, and pathogenicity of alternaria alternata
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8096925/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33968101
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.642601
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